The Importance of Developmental Science for Studies in Bullying and Victimization

Research on bullying and victimization, especially in school settings, has become an important area of developmental research, with strong practical implications. In this article we overview some considerations from neuropsychology, quantitative genetics, developmental neuroscience, we discuss CU traits and conduct problems, individual, group, class and school levels of analysis, developmental changes by age and context, and cross-cultural aspects. Together we argue that these can help bring about a developmental science perspective on to this area of research

Complements versus Substitutes and Trends in Fertility Choice in Dynastic Models

The Barro-Becker model is a simple intuitive model of fertility choice. In its original formulation, however, it has not been very successful at reproducing the changes in fertility choice in response to decreased mortality and increased income growth that demographers have emphasized in explaining the demographic transition. In this paper we show that this is due to an implicit assumption that number and utility of children are complements, which is a byproduct of the high intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) typically assumed in the fertility literature. We show that, not only is this assumption not necessary, but both the qualitative and quantitative properties of the model in terms of fertility choice change dramatically when substitutability and high curvature are assumed. To do so, we first derive analytical comparative statics and perform quantitative experiments. We find that if IES is less than one, model predictions of changes in fertility amount to about two-thirds of those observed in U.S. data since 1800. There are two major sources to these predicted changes, the increase in the growth rate of productivity which accounts for about 90 percent of the predicted fall in fertility before 1880, and changes in mortality which account for 90 percent of the predicted change from 1880 to 1950.

Evidence-Based Physiotherapy in Intensive Care

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to arouse physical therapist awareness of the necessity for evidence-based practice in the intensive care environment. This article summarizes findings from an intex{et search of physiotherapy-related clinical trials over the last 10 years. The feasibility of performing randomized-controlled trials and the role of the physical therapist in the intensive care environment are discussed. Therapists are encouraged to consider appropriate casemix and outcome measures when adducing evidence to support or dispute the effect of a physiotherapeutic technique

A baseline appraisal of water-dependant ecosystem services, the roles they play within desakota livelihood systems and their potential sensitivity to climate change

This report forms part of a larger research programme on 'Reinterpreting the Urban-Rural Continuum', which conceptualises and investigates current knowledge and research gaps concerning 'the role that ecosystems services play in the livelihoods of the poor in regions undergoing rapid change'. The report aims to conduct a baseline appraisal of water-dependant ecosystem services, the roles they play within desakota livelihood systems and their potential sensitivity to climate change. The appraisal is conducted at three spatial scales: global, regional (four consortia areas), and meso scale (case studies within the four regions). At all three scales of analysis water resources form the interweaving theme because water provides a vital provisioning service for people, supports all other ecosystem processes and because water resources are forecast to be severely affected under climate change scenarios. This report, combined with an Endnote library of over 1100 scientific papers, provides an annotated bibliography of water-dependant ecosystem services, the roles they play within desakota livelihood systems and their potential sensitivity to climate change. After an introductory, section, Section 2 of the report defines water-related ecosystem services and how these are affected by human activities. Current knowledge and research gaps are then explored in relation to global scale climate and related hydrological changes (e.g. floods, droughts, flow regimes) (section 3). The report then discusses the impacts of climate changes on the ESPA regions, emphasising potential responses of biomes to the combined effects of climate change and human activities (particularly land use and management), and how these effects coupled with water store and flow regime manipulation by humans may affect the functioning of catchments and their ecosystem services (section 4). Finally, at the meso-scale, case studies are presented from within the ESPA regions to illustrate the close coupling of human activities and catchment performance in the context of environmental change (section 5). At the end of each section, research needs are identified and justified. These research needs are then amalgamated in section 6

Letter from [Alice Spencer Jones] to John Muir, 1910 Sep 2.

[1][letterhead]Sept 2.— 1910—Dear Good Man,Mr John Muir.—I was just delighted to get your letter. Oh so often we talk about you- and wonder where you are, and what you have been about.—Uncle is now on Mt Wilson with other stars, he will return this (Friday Evening)- He went by auto yesterday, and will bring down a load for dinner at 325 - then they take the 8 P.M train North, Prof W.W. Campbell, among them04866 [2][letterhead][to?] make preparations for the visit of the Notables to his observatory at Mt HamiltonI am so glad aunt [Katharine?] returns so soon, and that you too are soon coming Home, as the old song says- what a meeting that will be when all the saints get Home —I am taking care of the Hooker office for a little while, while Mr Burlew, goes to jury Duty—Later. Sept. 3. I was interrupted in my office work- and now finish- Uncle returned full of high04866 [3][letterhead]spirits from the mountain top- for dinner was served and the gentlemen guests - have gone on their way - rejoicing -Uncle has just read your letter and says, isent that a fine letter ? He send his regards to you Genial John of Mountains. and says Come [on?] - that John of stars will meet John of Mountains when ever you sing out. Mrs Stott is here for Luncheon and sends greetings.Dont stay too long - but come Home Soon- so saysThe Lark.OVER. 04866 [4]The scientists were all intensely interested in uncles Cabinet of Slides — Prof. H. H. [illegible] of Oxford Eng- said — Mr Hooker there is not an observatory in the whole world that can give the fine display of the Heavens, that you can in this room

An annotated bibliography of films and filmstrips suitable for use in the primary grades

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Mental Discipline and Musical Meaning

Musical meaning, or what a musical experience communicates to a listener, is predicated on a shared habitus of listening between the musical creator (i.e., composer, performer, or improviser) and the listener. The meaning a listener takes away from a musical experience is partly dependent on the vessel transmitting it (i.e., who is performing, the quality of performance, or the visual aspects of performance), and a musical creator\u27s actions are the result of his or her training, past experiences, enculturation, attentional focus, and bodily control in the heightened mental state in which creativity occurs. Even in traditions that consider the musician to be a conduit for inspiration from an otherworldly source, the musician must still undergo training in order to allow for a free, uninhibited flow of music. Music practitioners\u27 evaluative statements, in which they describe the ways in which a musical experience was meaningful for them, often implicitly include an expectation of this mental discipline on the part of the musical creator. A practitioner-listener uses the appearance of both the music and the musician, the expectation of a musical logic governing the musical sounds, and the emotions or feelings of transport that he or she experiences to infer a musical creator\u27s mental state and mental discipline, relying on his or her own musical experiences as a guideline. Most broadly, this dissertation is an ethnomusicological study of the cultural and social contexts, cognitive dimensions, and aesthetic judgments found in 18th-century German flute pedagogical treatises and published writings from shakuhachi players. More specifically, it is an axiological examination of the role habitus plays in the forming of aesthetic judgments among practitioners whose writings include an implicit expectation of mental discipline in a good musical experience, drawing upon the work of Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kendall Walton, in particular. This dissertation offers a description of the kinds of mental states in which creativity occurs, includes a theory of musicking as the bringing forth of one\u27s inner self or core consciousness, and demonstrates ways in which practitioners suggest that another musician\u27s inner self (i.e., mental discipline and mental state) can be discerned in a musical experience. Flute treatises by Johann Joachim Quantz (1697-1773) and Johann Georg Tromlitz (1725-1805) raise broad issues of aesthetics in terms of the ways in which serious music of the 18th century aspired to capture ideals of nobility, the ways in which musical judgment was used a means of assessing a listener\u27s social status, the ways in which mental control in musical execution and composition were defined, and the ways in which a musician\u27s mental discipline can produce a transcendent musical experience. The issues raised in these treatises resonate with concerns equally touched upon by contemporary music philosophers (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Gottfried Körner, Johann Mattheson, and Johann Georg Sulzer) and also perpetuate aesthetic concerns from the Renaissance. The writings of shakuhachi players Hisamatsu Fūyō (1791-1871), Watazumi (1910-92), Andreas Fuyu Gutzwiller (b. 1940), Christopher Yohmei Blasdel (b. 1951), John Singer (b. 1956), Ralph Samuelson, and Gunnar Jinmei Linder present a range of concerns that define the modern shakuhachi habitus. Their statements which allude to discernible aspects of mental discipline in their own playing and in the playing of others are driven by four major concerns: the primacy of the performance as the meaningful act of musicking, a player\u27s membership in social groups (ryūha), the shakuhachi\u27s traditional role as a tool for spiritual meditation, and practitioners\u27 multiple senses of history. In this dissertation, the issue of mental discipline is examined in shakuhachi playing with regard to a player\u27s inner mental experience, the execution of gestures that result in musical sound, and the experience of achieving enlightenment (suizen)

NF95-243 Soil Compaction Tips

This NebFact offers 50 tips to prevent soil compaction