An R package for state-trace analysis

Abstract State-trace analysis (Bamber, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 19, 137-181, 1979) is a graphical analysis that can determine whether one or more than one latent variable mediates an apparent dissociation between the effects of two experimental manipulations. State-trace analysis makes only ordinal assumptions and so, is not confounded by range effects that plague alternative methods, especially when performance is measured on a bounded scale (such as accuracy). We describe and illustrate the application of a freely available GUI driven package, StateTrace, for the R language. StateTrace automates many aspects of a state-trace analysis of accuracy and other binary response data, including customizable graphics and the efficient management of computationally intensive Bayesian methods for quantifying evidence about the outcomes of a state-trace experiment, developed by Prince, Brown, and Heathcote (Psychological Methods, 17, 78-99, 2012)

An R package for state-trace analysis

State-trace analysis (Bamber, <i>Journal of Mathematical Psychology</i>, 19, 137–181, 1979) is a graphical analysis that can determine whether one or more than one latent variable mediates an apparent dissociation between the effects of two experimental manipulations. State-trace analysis makes only ordinal assumptions and so, is not confounded by range effects that plague alternative methods, especially when performance is measured on a bounded scale (such as accuracy). We describe and illustrate the application of a freely available GUI driven package, StateTrace, for the R language. StateTrace automates many aspects of a state-trace analysis of accuracy and other binary response data, including customizable graphics and the efficient management of computationally intensive Bayesian methods for quantifying evidence about the outcomes of a state-trace experiment, developed by Prince, Brown, and Heathcote (<i>Psychological Methods</i>, 17, 78–99, 2012)

Trust in Human-bot Teaming: Applications of the Judge Advisor System

Recent years have seen remarkable advances in the development and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in image classification, driving cars, and writing scientific articles. Although AI can outperform humans in many tasks, there remain domains where humans and AI working together can outperform either working alone. For humans and AI to work together effectively, the human must trust the AI bot to the right degree (calibrated). If the human does not trust the bot sufficiently, or conversely trusts the bot more than is warranted, the human-bot team will not perform as well as they could. We report three experiments examining trust in human-AI teaming. While existing studies typically collect binary responses (to trust, or not to trust), we present a novel paradigm that quantifies trust in a bot-recommendation in a continuous fashion. These data allow better precision, and in the future the development of more refined models of human-bot trust

JATOS/JATOS: JATOS v3.8.5-alpha

&lt;p&gt;This is a alpha release. Do not use.&lt;/p&gt

JATOS/JATOS: JATOS v3.8.5

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you want to update a JATOS server from version &lt; 3.7.1 read the &lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/releases/tag/v3.7.6"&gt;release information from v3.7.x first&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Try out the new version on &lt;a href="https://cortex.jatos.org/"&gt;cortex.jatos.org&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Changes in 3.8.5&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Added &lt;strong&gt;authentication with ORCID&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://orcid.org/"&gt;orcid.org&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;strong&gt;OpenID Connect (OIDC)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Added download button to QR codes of study links&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Added study link's comments to result metadata (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/293"&gt;#293&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Changes in 3.8.4&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Bugfix: Result files stored in the wrong folder (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/292"&gt;#292&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Changes in 3.8.3&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Bugfixes&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Logout not working&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/291"&gt;#291&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Study Results of a specific worker shows results of all workers of that type instead of only one (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/289"&gt;#289&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Administration improvements:&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Added docs for &lt;a href="https://www.jatos.org/JATOS-with-Docker-Compose.html"&gt;JATOS with &lt;strong&gt;Docker Compose&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://www.jatos.org/JATOS-in-a-cluster.html"&gt;JATOS in a cluster with &lt;strong&gt;Kubernetes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rename JATOS' config file&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;production.conf&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;jatos.conf&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;production.conf&lt;/em&gt; is still allowed)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Better support of &lt;strong&gt;multi-node&lt;/strong&gt; setups: set flag &lt;em&gt;jatos.multiNode=true&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Make migrations and updates &lt;strong&gt;multi-node safe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Add &lt;strong&gt;liveness test&lt;/strong&gt;: route &lt;em&gt;/ping&lt;/em&gt; answers with 'pong'&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JATOS' tmp&lt;/strong&gt; folder is now configurable via &lt;em&gt;jatos.tmpPath&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;JATOS_TMP_PATH&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Improved &lt;strong&gt;Dockerfile&lt;/strong&gt;: JATOS home folder is now by default &lt;em&gt;/opt/jatos&lt;/em&gt; and JATOS' data (study assets, result uploads, study logs) are in &lt;em&gt;/opt/jatos_data&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Added &lt;strong&gt;Tests&lt;/strong&gt; to GUI's administration page / Tests: test access to all necessary folders (study assets, result uploads, logs, study logs, and tmp folder)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Changes in 3.8.2&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Bugfixes&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Result data exported as Plain Text missing line-breaks (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/285"&gt;#285 &lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Malformed cookies from older JATOS versions can cause an &lt;em&gt;InternalServerError&lt;/em&gt; with some browsers&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GUI:&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Use browser's local date-time (instead of server's date-time) at e.g. &lt;em&gt;Start Time&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Last Seen&lt;/em&gt; in the result pages&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Study Links, in the setup for the &lt;em&gt;Personal&lt;/em&gt; types - add a button group to toggle between visibility of &lt;em&gt;All&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Active&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Deactivated&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Used&lt;/em&gt; study links&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;JATOS API: new endpoint to &lt;a href="https://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JATOS/JATOS/master/jatos-api.yaml#/study/get_jatos_api_v1_studies__id__assets_structure"&gt;get the directory structure of a study assets directory&lt;/a&gt; in JSON&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;A lot of administration improvements:&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Abolished server-side cache -&gt; all state is now either in the database or in cookies (easier to run JATOS on multiple nodes)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Logs config:&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Allow to configure the location of the application logs&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Allow logging to file or &lt;code&gt;stdout&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;production.conf&lt;/em&gt; - Equalize property names. Most common names all start with &lt;code&gt;jatos.&lt;/code&gt; now, but old-style names are still supported.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Abolished use of &lt;code&gt;X-Forwarded-*&lt;/code&gt; HTTP headers (&lt;code&gt;X-Forwarded-Proto&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;X-Forwarded-For&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;X-Forwarded-Ssl&lt;/code&gt;) (easier to run JATOS in complex system layouts)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Changes in 3.8.1&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Introducing the &lt;a href="https://www.jatos.org/JATOS-API.html"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JATOS API&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Access JATOS from the programming language of your choice (e.g. Python or R)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/blob/master/jatos-api.yaml"&gt;Specifications in &lt;strong&gt;OpenAPI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Uses personal access tokens for authentication&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://petstore.swagger.io/?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JATOS/JATOS/api_token/jatos-api.yaml"&gt;Have a look&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;New results export format: &lt;a href="https://www.jatos.org/JATOS-Results-Archive-JRZIP.html"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JATOS results archive (JRZIP)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Formalize the study exchange format: &lt;a href="https://www.jatos.org/JATOS-Study-Archive-JZIP.html"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JATOS study archive (JZIP)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GUI: &lt;strong&gt;Simpler result pages&lt;/strong&gt; and support of JATOS Result Archives (JRZIP)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GUI: Study links page - remove &lt;em&gt;All Workers&lt;/em&gt; button&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;jatos.js&lt;/em&gt;: Standardize the behavior of empty/&lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;jatos.studyJsonInput&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;jatos.componentJsonInput&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;jatos.batchJsonInput&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/pull/277"&gt;#277&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Fix result data size checking of &lt;em&gt;jatos.submitResultData&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Fix issue with JATOS on Windows - sometimes &lt;em&gt;loader.bat&lt;/em&gt; closes immediately (&lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/265"&gt;#265 &lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Previous releases: &lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/releases"&gt;github.com/JATOS/JATOS/releases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Which variant do I need?&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;If you have &lt;strong&gt;Java&lt;/strong&gt; (version 8 or 11) already installed (all OS): &lt;em&gt;jatos.zip&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No Java&lt;/strong&gt; installed: Choose according to your OS between&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;jatos_win_java.zip&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;jatos_mac_java.zip&lt;/em&gt; (if you have problems &lt;a href="https://github.com/JATOS/JATOS/issues/236#issuecomment-865868485"&gt;install your own Java with brew&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;jatos_linux_java.zip&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;If you prefer &lt;strong&gt;Docker&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/jatos/jatos/tags?page=1"&gt;hub.docker.com/r/jatos/jatos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt

Distribution of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex E1α subunit and glutamate dehydrogenase in the human brain and their role in neuro-metabolism

© 2017 Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, with the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) acting as key nitrogen donors for de novo glutamate synthesis. Despite the importance of these major metabolites, their metabolic pathway in the human brain is still not well characterised. The metabolic pathways that influence the metabolism of BCAAs have been well characterised in rat models. However, the expression of key proteins such as the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex and glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes (GDH) in the human brain is still not well characterised. We have used specific antibodies to these proteins to analyse their distribution within the human brain and report, for the first time, that the E1α subunit of the BCKD is located in both neurons and vascular endothelial cells. We also demonstrate that GDH is localised to astrocytes, although vascular immunolabelling does occur. The labelling of GDH was most intense in astrocytes adjacent to the hippocampus, in keeping with glutamatergic neurotransmission in this region. GDH was also present in astrocyte processes abutting vascular endothelial cells. Previously, we demonstrated that the branched-chain aminotransferase (hBCAT) proteins were most abundant in vascular cells (hBCATm) and neurons (hBCATc). Present findings are further evidence that BCAAs are metabolised within both the vasculature and neurons in the human brain. We suggest that GDH, hBCAT and the BCKD proteins operate in conjunction with astrocytic glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase to regulate the availability of glutamate. This has important implications given that the dysregulation of glutamate metabolism, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity, is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease