15 research outputs found
Improving the efficiency of the Fukui trap as a capture tool for the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in Newfoundland, Canada
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a crustacean species native to European and North African coastlines that has become one of the world’s most successful marine invasive species. Targeted fishing programs aimed at removing green crabs from invaded ecosystems commonly use Fukui multi-species marine traps. Improving the efficiency of these traps would improve the ability to respond to green crab invasions. In this study, we developed four distinct trap modifications that were designed to facilitate the successful capture of green crabs, with the goal of improving the performance of the Fukui trap. We tested these modifications in situ during the summer of 2016 at two locations in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. We discovered that three of our modified Fukui trap designs caught significantly more green crabs than the standard Fukui trap, increasing catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) by as much as 81%. We conclude that our top-performing modifications have great potential for widespread use with existing Fukui traps that are being used for green crab removal efforts
Supersymmetric branes with (almost) arbitrary tensions
We present a supersymmetric version of the two-brane Randall-Sundrum
scenario, with arbitrary brane tensions T_1 and T_2, subject to the bound
|T_{1,2}| \leq \sqrt{-6\Lambda_5}, where \Lambda_5 < 0 is the bulk cosmological
constant. Dimensional reduction gives N=1, D=4 supergravity, with cosmological
constant \Lambda_4 in the range \half\Lambda_5 \leq \Lambda_4 \leq 0. The case
with \Lambda_4 = 0 requires T_1 = -T_2 = \sqrt{-6\Lambda_5}. This work unifies
and generalizes previous approaches to the supersymmetric Randall-Sundrum
scenario. It also shows that the Randall-Sundrum fine-tuning is not a
consequence of supersymmetry.Comment: 19pp; Published versio
On Brane Inflation With Volume Stabilization
The distance between BPS branes in string theory corresponds to a flat
direction in the effective potential. Small deviations from supersymmetry may
lead to a small uplifting of this flat direction and to brane inflation.
However, this scenario can work only if the BPS properties of the branes and
the corresponding flatness of the inflaton potential are preserved in the
theories with the stable volume compactification. We present an ``inflaton
trench'' mechanism that keeps the inflaton potential flat due to shift
symmetry, which is related to near BPS symmetry in our model.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Evidence for F(uzz) Theory
We show that in the decoupling limit of an F-theory compactification, the
internal directions of the seven-branes must wrap a non-commutative four-cycle
S. We introduce a general method for obtaining fuzzy geometric spaces via toric
geometry, and develop tools for engineering four-dimensional GUT models from
this non-commutative setup. We obtain the chiral matter content and Yukawa
couplings, and show that the theory has a finite Kaluza-Klein spectrum. The
value of 1/alpha_(GUT) is predicted to be equal to the number of fuzzy points
on the internal four-cycle S. This relation puts a non-trivial restriction on
the space of gauge theories that can arise as a limit of F-theory. By viewing
the seven-brane as tiled by D3-branes sitting at the N fuzzy points of the
geometry, we argue that this theory admits a holographic dual description in
the large N limit. We also entertain the possibility of constructing string
models with large fuzzy extra dimensions, but with a high scale for quantum
gravity.Comment: v2: 66 pages, 3 figures, references and clarifications adde
Holographic flavor in N=4 gauge theories in 3d from wrapped branes
We study the addition of flavor to the gravity dual of N=4 three-dimensional
gauge theories obtained by wrapping D4-branes on a two-cycle of a
non-compact Calabi-Yau two-fold. In this setup the flavor is introduced by
adding another set of D4-branes that are extended along the non-compact
directions of the Calabi-Yau which are normal to the cycle which the color
branes wrap. The analysis is performed both in the quenched and unquenched
approximations. In this latter case we compute the backreacted metric and we
show that it reproduces the running of the gauge coupling. The meson spectrum
and the behavior of Wilson loops are also discussed and the holographic
realization of the Higgs branch is analyzed. Other aspects of this system
studied are the entanglement entropy and the non-relativistic version of our
backgrounds.Comment: 44 pages, 6 figure
How to build a low-cost underwater camera housing for aquatic research
Remote cameras are an increasingly important tool in field-based biological research. Terrestrial researchers can purchase inexpensive off-the-shelf cameras, but aquatic researchers face challenges in adopting similar systems for underwater science. Although technology allows researchers to deploy cameras in any aquatic environment, high procurement costs are often a barrier, particularly for studies that require the collection of lengthy videos. In this note, we provide a detailed guide explaining how to assemble an underwater camera system for less than $425 USD. We focus especially on the construction of the underwater housing, which is typically the most expensive component of an underwater camera system. As described, this system can record 13 h full high-definition videos in depths up to 100 m. It can be constructed and assembled with limited technical background using tools available in most workshops. The guide includes a general overview of the system, a full list of components, detailed instructions on constructing the camera housing, and suggestions on how to mount and use the camera in fieldwork. Our goal for this note is to promote the wider use of remote underwater cameras in aquatic research by making them accessible to those with limited financial means
Using underwater video to evaluate the performance of the Fukui trap as a mitigation tool for the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in Newfoundland, Canada
The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a destructive marine invader that was first discovered in Newfoundland waters in 2007 and has since become established in nearshore ecosystems on the south and west coast of the island. Targeted fishing programs aimed at removing green crabs from invaded Newfoundland ecosystems use Fukui traps, but the capture efficiency of these traps has not been previously assessed. We assessed Fukui traps using in situ observation with underwater video cameras as they actively fished for green crabs. From these videos, we recorded the number of green crabs that approached the trap, the outcome of each entry attempt (success or failure), and the number of exits from the trap. Across eight videos, we observed 1,226 green crab entry attempts, with only a 16% rate of success from these attempts. Based on these observations we believe there is scope to improve the performance of the Fukui trap through modifications in order to achieve a higher catch per unit effort (CPUE), maximizing trap usage for mitigation. Ultimately, a more efficient Fukui trap will help to control green crab populations in order to preserve the function and integrity of ecosystems invaded by the green crab
Video 1 - Demonstration of construction steps for an underwater camera housing
This video demonstrates how to construct an inexpensive housing for underwater cameras to use in marine and aquatic science. The video is a companion piece for:<br><br>Bergshoeff, J.A., Zargarpour, N., Legge, G., and Favaro, B. (2017). How to build a low-cost underwater camera housing for aquatic research. FACETS Journal. http://www.facetsjournal.com/article/facets-2016-0048