Tomatoes By-Products Extracts Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application as Antimicrobial Agent

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using by-products of tomatoes extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple possibilities for solving various biological problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using novel low toxicity and production cost phytochemical method for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from tomatoes aqueous extracts. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by various methods (SEM, EDS). Determined antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was compared with the activity of the AgNPs. TEM results show mainly spherical-shaped AgNPs, size distribution of which depends on the plant leaf extract type; the smaller AgNPs were obtained with tomatoes extract (6–45 nm AgNPs). Besides, AgNPs show strong antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains and fungi

The impact of additives on the quality indices of different black chokeberry products, developed using waste-free processing technology

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop and analyze various black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.)) products using waste-free treatment technology. The chemical composition of black chokeberry berries, and various processed products made from them (juice, pomace, pomace water extract, dried sweetened pomace, and syrup) are described. The effect of activated carbon (AC) on the reduction of proanthocyanidins content in black chokeberry berry juice and water extract and the effect of ascorbic acid additive on the sensory properties of dried sweetened pomace were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in one compact group of products representing the solid products of black chokeberry, and the first two factors of the PC1 (total anthocyanins and flavonoid content) described 98.38% of the total variability. It was concluded that AC allowed for reducing the content of proanthocyanidins in juices but did not affect their taste. However, reduced proanthocyanin content reduces the functionality of the products, and this information must be considered in new product development. The addition of ascorbic acid to dried sweetened black chokeberry pomace did not significantly affect the degree of liking of dried sweetened pomace. Black chokeberry products developed by waste-free technology are rich in biologically active compounds and could be used to produce new functional products

Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Seed Oil: A Review

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil (RSO) is considered as a source of high value bioactive compounds as fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, antioxidants, monoterpenes and many other chemical constituents. These compounds are appreciated as a source of nutrition for humans, as additives in cosmetic production, has immense therapeutic potential. Raspberry seed oil exerts many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and many other effects. The various databases like PubMed and Science Direct were used to identify, analyze and summarize the research literature on raspberries. This review will highlight recent developments of the chemical constituents and nutraceutical and cosmetical effects of RSO. Practical application: analyzed recent researches and international patents containing raspberry seed oil can help practitioners of various industries create new high-value products

The Impact Of Apple-tree (Malus × Domestica Borkh.) Management Technologies and Biological Factors

Žemės ūkio produktų rinka vis labiau tenkina vartotojų poreikius. Sodininkystei irgi kilo poreikis valdyti vaisių pateikimo vartotojui procesus, kuriais siekiama optimizuoti kokybę, tiekti rinkai tam tikrus kokybės rodiklius atitinkančius vaisius. Obuoliai yra vieni iš labiausiai pasaulyje vartojamų vaisių, tačiau iki šiol jų auginimo ir obelų sodų priežiūros technologijų vystymas buvo nukreiptas į didesnį derlių ir išorinę vaisių kokybę (dydį bei spalvą), kuri yra patraukli vartotojams (Hooge et al., 2017). Naminės obels (Malus × domestica Borkh.) vaisių kokybė priklauso nuo genotipo, genų raiškos pokyčių vaisių augimo ir vystymosi metu, aplinkos klimato sąlygų, technologinių priemonių taikymo derančio sodo priežiūros metu, derliaus nuėmimo laiko, vaisių laikymo sąlygų ir kt. Nuskintų vaisių kokybė negerėja, geriausiu atveju pavyksta tik ją išlaikyti, kol obuoliai pasiekia galutinį vartotoją. Siekiant garantuoti norimą vaisių kokybę, svarbu atsižvelgti į vaismedžių genetinę kilmę, vaisių augimo ir vystymosi fiziologijos ir aplinkos veiksnių aspektus. Technologinių ir biologinių elementų kompleksas soduose – poskiepiai, veislės, poskiepių – įskiepių deriniai, sodo konstrukcijos, derėjimo, vaisių krūvio ir produktyvumo kontrolė – lemia vaismedžių derėjimo pradžią ir pastovumą, derliaus dydį ir vaisių kokybę (Lakso et al., 1997; Robinson et al., 2008; Kviklys ir kt., 2012). Nustatyta, kad netinkamas technologinių priemonių sodo priežiūros metu taikymas, nepalankūs gamtiniai ar antropogeniniai veiksniai, gali sukelti stresinę vaismedžių būseną ir turėti lemiamą įtaką galutiniams sodo produktyvumo rodikliams, vaisių kokybei ir maistinei vertei (Lauri et al., 1997; Tustin et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2014).The market for agricultural products is becoming increasingly consumer-oriented. Horticulture is also facing the necessity to manage the processes of fruit supply to consumers, which are aimed at fruit quality optimization and placement of fruit that meet specific quality parameters on the market. Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world, but so far, the development of their cultivation and apple-tree management technologies have been geared towards higher yields and external fruit quality (size and colour), which is attractive to consumers (Hooge et al., 2017). The quality of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruits depends on the genotype, gene expression changes during fruit growth and development, environmental conditions, orchard management technologies, harvesting time, fruit storage, etc. The quality of harvested fruit cannot be improved, at best, it can only be preserved until the apples reach the end consumer. In order to ensure the desired fruit quality, it is important to consider fruit-tree genetic origin, physiological aspects of fruit growth and development and environmental factors. A complex of technological and biological factors in orchards, including rootstocks, cultivars, rootstock-cultivar combinations, orchard design, growth, crop load and productivity control determines the beginning and stability of fruit-tree growth and development, fruit yield and quality (Lakso et al., 1997; Robinson et al., 2008; Kviklys et al., 2012). It has been found that the inappropriate use of individual orchard management technologies, disturbances due to natural or anthropogenic factors, can cause stress in a fruit-tree and have a decisive influence on the final orchard productivity indicators, fruit quality and nutritional value (Lauri et al., 1997; Tustin et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2014).Žemės ūkio akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Stability of tomato lycopene under thermal-and light- irradiation treatments in an oil-based model system

Abstract The lycopene content in food may be increased by thermal and mechanical processing. Food processing is beneficial because it disrupts food matrices facilitating the release and solubilisation of lycopene resulting in increased carotenoid bioavailability for the formation of cis-isomers. A lycopene-rich and β-carotene oil-based system was used in this study. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colour coordinates analyses were employed to analyse lycopene, its cis-isomers and β-carotene stability of the following sample set after 28 days of storage: fridge temperature at 1 ± 1°C in absence of light (FT dark), ambient temperature at 20 ± 1°C in natural light with different day and night illumination (AT light), ambient temperature at 20 ± 1°C in absence of light (AT dark), thermostatically controlled temperature at 37 ± 1°C in absence of light (TT dark) and thermostatically controlled temperature at 37 ± 1°C in UV irradiation (TT UV). The control sample in our study was lycopene enriched oil stored in the dark at 1 ± 1°C on day zero (0). The aim of this study was to create lycopene-enriched oil from tomato to investigate its stability and to prepare the recommendations to consumers for the storage conditions of this functional food. The results indicated that the trans-lycopene amount changed from 76.6% to 61.0% at ambient temperature (AT light and AT dark sample), and from 76.6% to 46.8% (TT dark) and 44.4% (TT UV) at 37 ± 1°C. According to our investigation, the highest percentage of 5-cis-lycopene isomer in all samples was found after 28 days of storage. The TT UV samples had the most colour changes. Vegetable oil enriched with lycopene from tomatoes is a high quality food product that can supplement daily diet and enhance absorption of lycopene from the intestine

Optimization of the Multienzyme-Assisted Extraction Procedure of Bioactive Compounds Extracts from Common Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> M.) and Evaluation of Obtained Extracts

Optimization of the extraction procedure using a multienzymes cocktail for common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) is important due to the yield, fermentable sugars, oligosaccharides and bioactive compounds for creating higher added value products. This study was undertaken to find out the optimum multienzymes-water extraction on yield and total phenolic compounds for common Buckwheat using response surface methodology (RSM). Three independent variables, time (2, 13, and 24 h), temperature (60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C), and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes mixture (0.10, 0.55, and 1.00 mL), were analyzed to optimize the response variables. NSP hydrolyzing enzymes, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase, were produced by Trichoderma reesei. Estimated optimum conditions for F. esculentum were found: time—2 h, temperature—65 °C, and cellulase activity—8.6 CellG5 Units/mL. Different optimization run samples were collected and lyophilized for further analysis until the hydrophilic property using the water contact angle methodology and rutin content using HPLC was determined. Results indicated NSP enzymes activity did not differ between water contact angles after 13 h of enzymatic water extraction. However, longer fermentation time (24 h) decreased static water contact angle by approximately 3–7° for lyophilized water extract and 2–7° for solid fraction after fermentation. It implies enzymatic hydrolysis during water extraction increased hydrophilic properties in solid fraction and decreased hydrophilicity in water fraction due to the enzymes cleaved glycosidic bonds releasing water-soluble compounds

Berries and Leaves of <i>Actinidia kolomikta</i> (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.: A Source of Phenolic Compounds

Berries of Actinidia kolomikta (A. kolomikta) are known for high ascorbic acid content, but the diversity of phenolic compounds has been little studied. The present research aimed to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in berries and leaves of twelve A. kolomikta cultivars. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to determine differences among cultivars in the quantitative composition of individual phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical scavenging and CUPRAC methods. In the present study, 13 phenolic compounds were detected in berries, whereas leaves contained 17 phenolic compounds. Flavonols were the primary class found in both berries and leaves; other identified phenolic compounds were flavan-3-ols, flavones and, phenolic acids; and dihydrochalcone phloridzin was identified in the leaves. The amount and variety of phenolic compounds in berries and leaves and antioxidant activity were found to be cultivar-dependent. The highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Aromatnaja’ and in the berries of the cultivar ‘VIR-2’. Results of this study have confirmed that berries and leaves of A. kolomikta could be a valuable raw material for both food and pharmaceutical industries

Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and phenotypic characterization of lonicera caerulea l. Berries, cultivated in Lithuania

Lonicera caerulea L. is an early fruit-bearing plant that originates from harsh environments. Raw materials contain a body of different phenolic origin compounds that determine the multidirectional antioxidant and pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacities, vegetative, pomological, and sensory properties and their interrelations of selected L. caerulea cultivars, namely ‘Amphora’, ‘Wojtek’, ‘Iga’, ’Leningradskij Velikan’, ‘Nimfa’, ‘Indigo Gem’, ‘Tundra’, ‘Tola’, and fruit powders. Combined chromatographic systems were applied for the qualitative and quantitative profiling of 23 constituents belonging to the classes of anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. The determined markers of phytochemical profiles were cyanidin-3-glucoside, rutin, chlorogenic, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Anthocyanins and the predominant compound, cyanidin-3-glucoside, were the determinants of antioxidant activity. Cultivars ‘Amphora’, ‘Indigo Gem’, and ‘Tundra’ contained the greatest total amounts of identified phenolic compounds. Phenotypic characterization revealed the superiority of cultivars ‘Wojtek’ and ’Tundra’ compared to other cultivars, although ’Wojtek’ had low phenolic content and antioxidant activity and ’Tundra’ got lower sensory evaluation scores. Coupling the results of phenotypic and phytochemical characterization, cultivar ‘Tundra’ could be suitable for commercial plantations