SUMO-1 targets RanGAP1 to kinetochores and mitotic spindles

RanGAP1 was the first documented substrate for conjugation with the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1. However, the functional significance of this conjugation has not been fully clarified. We sought to examine RanGAP1 behavior during mitosis. We found that RanGAP1 associates with mitotic spindles and that it is particularly concentrated at foci near kinetochores. Association with kinetochores appeared soon after nuclear envelope breakdown and persisted until late anaphase, but it was lost coincident with nuclear envelope assembly in telophase. A mutant RanGAP1 protein lacking the capacity to be conjugated to SUMO-1 no longer associated with spindles, indicating that conjugation was essential for RanGAP1's mitotic localization. RanBP2, a nuclear pore protein that binds SUMO-1–conjugated RanGAP1 during interphase, colocalized with RanGAP1 on spindles, suggesting that a complex between these two proteins may be involved in mitotic targeting of RanGAP1. This report shows for the first time that SUMO-1 conjugation is required for mitotic localization of RanGAP1, and suggests that a major role of SUMO-1 conjugation to RanGAP1 may be the spatial regulation of the Ran pathway during mitosis

Ran-dependent docking of importin-β to RanBP2/Nup358 filaments is essential for protein import and cell viability

RanBP2 captures RanGTP–importin-β complexes at cytoplasmic fibrils to ensure adequate classical NLS–mediated protein import and cell viability

Global Regulator SATB1 Recruits β-Catenin and Regulates TH2 Differentiation in Wnt-Dependent Manner

Chromatin organizer SATB1 and Wnt transducer β-catenin form a complex and regulate expression of GATA3 and TH2 cytokines in Wnt-dependent manner and orchestrate TH2 lineage commitment

PENDANT NUMBER OF GRAPHS

International audienceA decomposition of a graph G is a collection of its edge disjoint sub-graphs such that their union is G. A path decomposition of a graph is a decomposition of it into paths. In this paper, we define the pendant number Π p as the minimum number of end vertices of paths in a path decomposition of G and determine this parameter for certain fundamental graph classes

Effectiveness of nurse-performed endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review

Background Bowel cancer is one of the most common and potentially preventable cancers. There is strong demand for bowel cancer screening programmes within the community. Nurses may play a vital role in the success of such programmes. Objective The review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening. Methods A systematic search of the literature identified 226 articles published in English between 1994 and 2012. Of these articles, six were included for analysis. Results Three outcome measures were identified, namely quality and safety, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Nurse-led endoscopy was comparable to physician-led endoscopy procedures with regards to indicators of quality and safety. Overall, greater patient satisfaction was reported with nurse-led endoscopy procedures and there was some evidence of improved cost-effectiveness. Conclusion Nurse-performed endoscopy appears to be as safe and effective as physician-performed endoscopy procedures in suitably selected patient populations. Further research and application of standardised training programmes and settings will be vital to ensuring ongoing safety and efficiency of nurse-led endoscopy

Studies on the Dynamics of Cochin Estuary

The thesis entitled Studies on the Dynamics of Cochin Estuary. This thesis is addressed to an investigation on the tidal, seasonal and spatial variations of the hydrographic parameters, circulation and mixing processes of the Cochin estuary. The present programme of study is aimed at obtaining a comprehensive picture of the tidal characteristics, hydrography, circulation and mixing present in this estuarine system during different seasons. The studies have been carried out through field collection of data on salinity, temperature and water currents to get a picture of their spatial and temporal variations. The hydrographic data have been analysed in relation to tide, rainfall and river discharges. From the findings it is seen that at the Cochin inlet, the estuarine features vary annually. During July and August, the estuary is characterised as almost saltwedge type; during June, September, October, December and January it shows appreciabie stratification, and during the rest of the months the estuary shows almost well mixed nature. Seasonal variations are well reflected in water temperature in the Cochin estuary, where the temperature reaches its maximum during the dry pre monsoon period with very weak thermal gradients indicating strong vertical mixingCochin University of Science and TechnoLogySchool of Marine Science, Cochin University of Science and TechnoLog

Characterization of tobacco mosaic virus isolated from tomato in India

Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) differs from the type strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in producing local lesions instead of systemic infection on Nicotiana sylvestris. An isolate collected from Kolar district of Karnataka which produced this differential host reaction was propagated in the greenhouse on N. tabacum cp. Samsun and purified. The virus is a rigid rod shaped particle with a coat protein of molecular weight 18 kDa and genomic RNA of size 6.3 kb. A cDNA library was constructed using a specific primer designed based on the conserved nucleotide sequence at the 3 non coding region of tobamoviruses. The cDNA library was screened for recombinant Clones and, the recombinant clone 82 with an insert of size 1.04 kb was sequenced in both directions. This sequence was compared with the genomic sequence of TMV and ToMV which showed 93.1 and 73.7 per cent identity, respectively. The sequence encompassed the 3 non coding region, the complete coat protein ORF and 467 nucleotides of the, movement protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the coat protein was compared with that of TMV and ToMV. This-sequence was nearly identical to TMV with nine amino acid changes whereas thirty-two changes were observed with ToMV. This suggests that the virus under study is a strain of TMV and therefore we have named it as tobacco mosaic virus tomato strain from Karnataka, India (TMV(Tom-K))

Nup358 interacts with Dishevelled and aPKC to regulate neuronal polarity

Summary Par polarity complex, consisting of Par3, Par6, and aPKC, plays a conserved role in the establishment and maintenance of polarization in diverse cellular contexts. Recent reports suggest that Dishevelled (Dvl), a cytoplasmic mediator of Wnt signalling, interacts with atypical protein kinase C and regulates its activity during neuronal differentiation and directed cell migration. Here we show that Nup358 (also called RanBP2), a nucleoporin previously implicated in polarity during directed cell migration, interacts with Dishevelled and aPKC through its N-terminal region (BPN) and regulates axon–dendrite differentiation of cultured hippocampal neurons. Depletion of endogenous Nup358 leads to generation of multiple axons, whereas overexpression of BPN abrogates the process of axon formation. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Dvl or inhibition of aPKC by a pseudosubstrate inhibitor significantly reverses the multiple axon phenotype produced by Nup358 depletion. Collectively, these data suggest that Nup358 plays an important role in regulating neuronal polarization upstream to Dvl and aPKC