Боротьба з бідністю як орієнтир проєвропейської політики

Період європейського самоусвідомлення України триває вже досить довго. Парадоксально, але факт: за будь-яких змін зовнішньополітичної парадигми нашої держави європейська складова не лише не зникає, а й посилюється. Принаймні на теоретичному рівні. Не менш суттєвим, на наш погляд, є й те, що за будь-яких умов український “віртуальний” європеїзм зберігає соціальну аргументацію. До об’єднаної Європи ми прагнемо долучитися переважно задля досягнення заможнішого життя. Водночас на практичному рівні наші уявлення щодо ключових соціальних ознак реального європеїзму й досі лишаються досить розмитими, якщо не спотвореними. І досі у нас фахово не визначено статус ключових соціальних чинників у тих інтеграційних моделях, до яких так чи інакше схиляються різні політичні сили країни, а також місце цих чинників у ключових напрямках і механізмах співпраці з ЄС. Зокрема, це стосується проблеми бідності. Щоб наздогнати Європу за рівнем добробуту (і це вже не парадокс), потрібно спочатку наздогнати її за рівнем бідності. Євроінтеграційна реальність є такою, що соціальна прірва розділяє народи значно надійніше, аніж будь-яка “залізна заслона” чи Берлінський мур

Alliance governance choices:Disentangling the effects of uncertainty and alliance experience

This article analyses the interaction between alliance experience and behavioural uncertainty to improve our understanding of alliance governance. We investigate the extent to which the effect of alliance experience on governance choices is explained by a reduction in “mundane” transaction costs or by a reduction in “opportunistic” transaction costs. Based on more than 12,000 firm experiences with equity and non-equity alliances, we demonstrate a reduction in mundane transaction costs over time by firms reusing the same governance structure in successive alliances. We also find that in high behavioural uncertainty alliances, firms rely on their experience as a substitute for equity governance to reduce opportunistic transaction costs

Absence of a market in the Dutch balancing mechanism:European rules versus specific investments

The European directives for the electricity industry prescribe the creation of a market for balancing electricity supply and demand. In this paper, we demonstrate that a market for balancing has not emerged in the Dutch electricity industry, and that, instead, the balancing transactions are governed by regulated, long-term contracts and a bidding mechanism. We explain the absence of a balancing market by using the framework of transaction cost economics, in which the efficiency of a market decreases with increasing investments in specific assets. The results of a questionnaire among the energy firms that supply balancing power in the Dutch setting show that these firms have invested in specific physical, temporal and dedicated balancing assets. The need for these specific investments to balance supply and demand does not only explain the absence of a market, but also the lack of participation by small firms in the balancing mechanism. We recommend several policies, such as stimulating technological developments for the storage of electricity and demand side management, which reduce these specific investments in balancing assets, and thereby stimulate the creation of a market and the participation of small firms

‘Eerlijk zullen we alles delen’: wat is er eigenlijk mis met economische ongelijkheid?

__Abstract__ Rede, uitgesproken bij de openbare aanvaarding van het ambt van bijzonder hoogleraar Geschiedenis van het Economisch Denken bij de afdeling Geschiedenis van de Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op vrijdag 17 oktober 2014

No Black Box and No Black Hole: from Social Capital to Gift Exchange

In this paper, we draw on the literature about gift exchange to suggest a conceptualization of the emergence, maintenance and use of social capital (SK). We thus open up the black box of how social relations are established, and are able to indicate what can be meaningfully ascribed to social capital. Social capital as a concept cannot be invoked at will to explain situations that are primarily perceived as favorable. Instead, when the way in which social capital emerges, maintained and used is conceptually clarified, it becomes clear that situations perceived as unfavorable can be ascribed to SK as well, and it becomes clear that SK cannot be drawn on at will, by just anybody. SK resides in what we call a social capital community

The Criminal Labyrinth of Raymond Carver’s “So Much Water So Close to Home”

This contribution reads Raymond Carver’s story “So Much Water So Close to Home” through the image of the labyrinth. As it is argued, the story first presents itself as a mystery story before turning into a crime story and eventually, perhaps, back into a mystery story. The focus is especially on how the main character/narrator draws readers into her labyrinth, until they are forced to part ways with her—the road she follows cannot be the right one—but nevertheless leaves them as clueless as she is, not even sure as to what exactly the crime is that the story is about.Cette contribution envisage la nouvelle de Raymond Carver “So Much Water So Close to Home” à travers l’image du labyrinthe. Le récit se présente d’abord comme une histoire à suspense avant de se transformer en intrigue policière et finalement, peut-être, d’assumer à nouveau son genre initial. L’accent est mis sur la façon dont la narratrice et personnage principal entraîne les lecteurs dans son labyrinthe, jusqu’à ce qu’ils soient obligés de se séparer d’elle – la route qu’elle suit ne peut pas être la bonne – tout en restant néanmoins aussi désemparés qu’elle, sans même la moindre certitude quant à la nature exacte du crime dont il est question dans la nouvelle

The impact of venture capital on governance decisions in collaborations with start-ups

This article addresses solutions for contractual hazards in the formation and operation of collaborations with start-ups. We suggest that venture capitalists may serve as a mechanism to mitigate contractual hazards and act as a substitute for equity sharing in joint ventures. This article is to our knowledge the first to address the impact of venture capital (VC) on governance decisions for start-ups. We analyze 5405 bilateral collaborations from the SDC database for the period 2009-2014, and find that VC-backed firms are less likely to share equity in collaborations

Risk factors for lobar and non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with vascular disease

Introduction Lobar and non-lobar non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are presumably caused by different types of small vessel diseases. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for ICH according to location. Methods In two large prospective studies, SMART (n = 9088) and ESPRIT (n = 2625), including patients with manifest cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or peripheral artery disease or with vascular risk factors, we investigated potential risk factors for ICH during follow-up according to lobar or non-lobar location by Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results During 65,156 patient years of follow up 19 patients had lobar ICH (incidence rate 29, 95% CI 19-42 per 100,000 person-years) and 24 non-lobar ICH (incidence rate 37, 95% CI 26-51 per 100,000 person-years). Age significantly increased the risk of lobar ICH (HR per 10 years increase 1.90; 95% CI 1.17-3.10) in the multivariable analysis, but not of non-lobar hemorrhage. Anticoagulant medication (HR 3.49; 95% CI 1.20-10.2) and male sex (HR 3.79; 95% CI 1.13-12.8) increased the risk of non-lobar but not lobar ICH. Conclusion This study shows an elevated risk of future ICH in patients with manifestations of, or risk factors for, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or peripheral artery disease. Our data suggest that risk factors for ICH vary according to location, supporting the hypothesis of a differential pathophysiology of lobar and non-lobar ICH

The impact of alliance management capabilities on alliance attributes and performance: A literature review

The literature on alliances has identified a variety of inter-firm antecedents of performance, including information and knowledge sharing between partners, shared partner understanding, and a focus on collective objectives. Recent studies have focused on alliance management capabilities (AMC) - firms' abilities to capture, share, store and apply alliance management knowledge - as an important antecedent of performance. This paper reviews 90 studies on AMC and makes two important contributions to the literature. First, the review provides an overview of and classification scheme for the different types of AMC to better organise the diverse empirical findings that have been presented in the literature. The novel classification distinguishes between general and partner-specific AMC and between AMC stored within the firm and within the alliance. Second, consistent with the dynamic capabilities perspective, this paper offers a more detailed understanding of why AMC improve performance, by highlighting the intermediate impact of AMC on alliance attributes. In particular, the review demonstrates how the different categories of AMC influence alliances in terms of information and knowledge-sharing between partners, shared partner understanding and the pursuit of collective goals. The review also demonstrates that these attributes improve performance. The authors note promising avenues for future empirical research that involve combining the classification scheme with research on the impact of AMC on alliance attributes and performance