Особенности процесса трещинообразования в массиве при управлении его газодинамикой

Исследован процесс сдерживания перехода угля из потенциально устойчивого состояния в стадию бурного разрушения. Ей, как правило, предшествует некоторый промежуток времени относительного затишья. Особенно важно улавливать этот момент среди массы различных откликов массива на ведение горных работ. Одним из вариантов управления развитием и релаксацией системы трещин может служить физико-химическая обработка.The inhibition process of coal transition from the potentially stable state in the stage of stormy destruction is investigation. As a rule, to it is preceded some interval of relative time calm. It is especially important to catch this moment among mass of different responses of array on the conduct of mountain works. Physical and chemical treatment can serve as one of control variants the development and relaxation of the cracks system

Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility of Inducible HIV-1 Reservoir Quantification by TILDA

Substantial efforts to eliminate or reduce latent HIV-1 reservoirs are underway in clinical trials and have created a critical demand for sensitive, accurate, and reproducible tools to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. Alternative reservoir quantification assays have been developed to circumvent limitations of the quantitative viral outgrowth assay. One such assay is tat/rev induced limiting dilution assay (TILDA), which measures the frequency of CD4+ T cells harboring inducible latent HIV-1 provirus. We modified pre-amplification reagents and conditions (TILDA v2.0) to improve assay execution and first internally validated assay performance using CD4+ T cells obtained from cART-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals. Detection of tat/rev multiply spliced RNA was not altered by modifying pre-amplification conditions, confirming the robustness of the assay, and supporting the technique’s amenability to limited modifications to ensure better implementation for routine use in clinical studies of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. Furthermore, we cross-validated results of TILDA v2.0 and the original assay performed in two separate laboratories using samples from 15 HIV-1-infected individuals. TILDA and TILDA v2.0 showed a strong correlation (Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient = 0.86). The low inter-laboratory variability between TILDAs performed at different institutes further supports use of TILDA for reservoir quantitation in multi-center interventional HIV-1 Cure trials

Environmental Enrichment Induces Behavioral Recovery and Enhanced Hippocampal Cell Proliferation in an Antidepressant-Resistant Animal Model for PTSD

Background: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be considered the result of a failure to recover after a traumatic experience. Here we studied possible protective and therapeutic aspects of environmental enrichment (with and without a running wheel) in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to an inescapable foot shock procedure (IFS). Methodology/Principal Findings: IFS induced long-lasting contextual and non-contextual anxiety, modeling some aspects of PTSD. Even 10 weeks after IFS the rats showed reduced locomotion in an open field. The antidepressants imipramine and escitalopram did not improve anxiogenic behavior following IFS. Also the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate did not alleviate the IFS induced immobility. While environmental enrichment (EE) starting two weeks before IFS did not protect the animals from the behavioral effects of the shocks, exposure to EE either immediately after the shock or one week later induced complete recovery three weeks after IFS. In the next set of experiments a running wheel was added to the EE to enable voluntary exercise (EE/VE). This also led to reduced anxiety. Importantly, this behavioral recovery was not due to a loss of memory for the traumatic experience. The behavioral recovery correlated with an increase in cell proliferation in hippocampus, a decrease in the tissue levels of noradrenalin and increased turnover of 5-HT in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions/Significance: This animal study shows the importance of (physical) exercise in the treatment of psychiatri

Randomised controlled trial of a psychiatric consultation model for treatment of common mental disorder in the occupational health setting

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders are the most prevalent of all mental disorders, with the highest burden in terms of work absenteeism and utilization of health care services. Evidence-based treatments are available, but recognition and treatment could be improved, especially in the occupational health setting. The situation in this setting has recently changed in the Netherlands because of new legislation, which has resulted in reduced sickness absence. Severe mental disorder has now become one of the main causes of work absenteeism. Occupational physicians (OPs) are expected to take an active role in diagnosis and treatment, and seem to be in need of support for a new approach to handle cases of more complex mental disorders. Psychiatric consultation can be a collaborative care model to achieve this. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a two-armed cluster-randomized clinical trial, with randomization among OPs. Forty OPs in two big companies providing medical care for multiple companies will be randomized to either the intervention group, i.e. psychiatric consultation embedded in a training programme, or the control group, i.e. only training aimed at recognition and providing Care As Usual. 60 patients will be included who have been absent from work for 6–52 weeks and who, after screening and a MINI interview, are diagnosed with depressive disorder, anxiety disorder or somatoform disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. Baseline measurements and follow up measurements (at 3 months and 6 months) will be assessed with questionnaires and an interview. The primary outcome measure is level of general functioning according to the SF-20. Secondary measures are severity of the mental disorder according to the PHQ and the SCL-90, quality of life (EQ-D5), measures of Return To Work and cost-effectiveness of the treatment assessed with the TiC-P. Process measures will be adherence to the treatment plan and assessment of the treatment provided by the Psychiatric Consultant (PC) in both groups. DISCUSSION: In the current study, a psychiatric consultation model that has already proved to be effective in the primary care setting, and aimed to enhance evidence-based care for patients with work absenteeism and common mental disorder will be evaluated for its efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the occupational health setting

Monoamines levels in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala following IFS and EE/VE.

<p>Levels of noradrenalin (<b>A</b>), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (<b>B</b>) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) (<b>C</b>) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and the amygdala. The ratio of 5-HIAA and 5-HT (<b>D</b>) is indicative for the 5-HT turnover. # =  effect of housing p<0.05, ## =  effect of housing p<0.01, $ =  effect of shock p<0.05, *  =  post hoc p<0.05. Values represent mean ± SEM. Group sizes: n = 10–12.</p

Effects of environmental enrichment on locomotion in the openfield.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Environmental enrichment (EE) had no significant effect on locomotion in the open field one week after IFS. (<b>B</b>) Three weeks after the IFS EE normalizes open field behavior. Environmental enrichment started either 2 weeks before (EE-continues), immediately after (EE-after) or 1 week after (EE-delayed) the IFS procedure and continued until the end of the experiment. Values represent mean ± SEM. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p< 0.001). Group sizes: non-shock n = 12, shock n = 11</p

Environmental enrichment combined with voluntary exercise normalizes open field behavior three weeks after IFS.

<p>EE/VE started 1 week after the IFS procedure. (<b>A</b>). A percentage relative to non-shocked animals of the distance moved in the open field arena during a 5 minute test period is shown. (<b>B</b>) EE/VE normalizes the freezing behavior of IFS-exposed animals. *p<0.05 compared to non-shock control group. ^&p<0.05, compared to the IFS group under standard housing conditions. Values represent mean ± SEM. Group sizes: non-shock n = 12, shock n = 12.</p

Effects of IFS and environmental enrichment on cell proliferation/survival.

<p>Environmental enrichment started two weeks before the IFS procedure (EE-continues). (<b>A</b>) BrdU was injected immediately after the IFS procedure. In this way proliferation and survival during the three weeks post IFS was measured. (<b>B</b>) To quantify proliferation three weeks after the IFS procedure, BrdU was injected 21 days after the IFS and 24 hrs later the animals were sacrificied. BrdU incorporation was quantified by immunocytochemistry. Values represent mean ± SEM. Group sizes: non-shock n = 6, shock n = 6. * =  post-hoc analysis significanty different from its control group p<0.05, ***  = p<0.001. ### =  ANOVA significantly different effect of housing p<0.001.</p

Longitudinal effects of IFS on open field locomotion.

<p>Anxiolytic effects of the inescapable foot shock procedure are long lasting. The distance moved in the open field arena during a 5 minute test period is shown. (repeated measure ANOVA, p<0.001). Values represent mean ± SEM. Group sizes: non-shock n = 10, shock n = 10, ** =  post hoc analysis p<0.01.</p

Behavior in the light/dark box.

<p>The EE/VE induced normalization of the open field behavior of the IFS-exposed animals is not caused by loss of memory to the traumatic experience. Animals were placed in the lit compartment of the light/dark box (door open) that was used for the IFS procedure and (<b>A</b>) the latency to enter the dark compartment, (<b>B</b>) the total time spent in the lit compartment was quantified and (<b>C</b>) the number of passages from the lit into the dark compartment or vice versa during a five minute trial * =  Mann Whitney test significantly different from control group; p< 0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, &  =  significantly different from IFS standard housed group. Values represent mean ± SEM. Group sizes: non-shock n = 12, shock n = 12.</p