NECESIDADES DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DE ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L) EN EL ESTADO DE HIDALGO

The present work was carried out in 2008 with the objective of determining the alfalfa chain research needs in the state of Hidalgo. The productive chain approach was used and the following five steps were also carried out: i) Chain characterization, ii) Identification of critical factors, iii) Identification of research demands iv) Identification of research supply and v) Identification of research needs. Among the most outstanding results we have: the development of an alfalfa chain conceptual model integrated by 6 links and 25 segments; identification of 19 critical factors; identification of 17 demands including 12 regarding research, validation, and technology transfer and 5 regarding design and policy strategies; identification of 97 products supplied by research including 29% on varieties' generation and validation, 15% on plague and disease control, 11% on efficient water usage, and 2% on cut methods. In conclusion, 60% of the supply takes care of the identified demands, and needs exist in: validation and transfer of high productive potential alfalfa varieties; generation of new products, design of an updated catalogue regarding the main plagues and diseases that harm the alfalfa culture as well as a control method; training and technology transfer regarding the efficient irrigation water usage; design of agricultural machinery for alfalfa cut and packing, and training producers on seeds production.Chain, research demand, alfalfa., Agribusiness,

Betalain, Acid Ascorbic, Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Purple, Red, Yellow and White Cactus Pears

Commercialization of cactus pears based on their antioxidant properties can generate competitive advantages, and these can turn into business opportunities and the development of new products and a high-value ingredient for the food industry. This work evaluated the antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, protection against oxidation of a β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion, and iron (II) chelation), the content of total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, betacyanin, betaxanthin and the stability of betacyanin pigments in presence of Cu (II)-dependent hydroxyl radicals (OH•), in 18 cultivars of purple, red, yellow and white cactus pear from six Mexican states. Our results indicated that the antiradical activities from yellow and white cactus pear cultivars were not significantly different (p < 0.05) and were lower than the average antiradical activities in red and purple cultivars. The red cactus pear from the state of Zacatecas showed the highest antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity for red cactus pears was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to the concentration of total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.90) and ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.86). All 18 cultivars of cactus pears studied showed significant chelating activity of ferrous ions. The red and purple cactus pears showed a great stability when exposed to OH•

PRIORIZACIÓN DE CADENAS AGROPRODUCTIVAS ANTE LA VULNERABILIDAD DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

The chains priorization was realized with the chain priorization methodology propose by the International for Service National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) and mentioned by Espinosa et al., 2009, this methodology has its foundations in two main dimensions the socioeconomic importance and the competitiveness, each of these is subdivided as well in diverse variables. The total of cultures in the Estado de Mexico and according to their production value obtained through SIACON 1980-2007 and SIAP-SAGARPA 1996-2010, 12 chains were selected: grain maize, crisantemo, grass, rose, potato, fodder oats, red tomato (tomato), green tomato, carnation, tuna, green alfalfa and fodder maize. To priorization and as a result of the obtained variables qualifications, the most relevant chains were grain maize, chrysants, potato and rose with 102, 91, 91, and 90 points respectively

PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE TUNA EN FRESCO BAJO DIFERENTES MODALIDADES EN HIDALGO, MÉXICO

The present work carried out in 2006 with the objectives of estimating the production costs, and the margins of commercialization of the production fresh prickly pear in the state of Hidalgo. In order to do the work, the methodologies developed by Morris (1990), by Caldentey and De Haro (2004) were used. Altogether 60 surveys, 44 to producers and 16 to dealers of tuna were applied. The results report that in Hidalgo, three types of producers are outstanding; the leader with 9%, the generic with 61 % and the basic with 30%, whose respective production costs of each one were $14,532/ha-1,$ 9,626/ha-1 and $3,686/ha-1 respectively. The commercialization cost for the production leader was$ 1.17/kg-1, where 40 % was the storage, 26 % was the transport, 24 % was the packing and 10 % was the spine removal. With regard to the costs of commercialization for the generic producer was $0.70/kg-1. The highest absolute margin in commercialization was obtained by the production leader, 3.50/kg-1, when commercializing prickly pear in commercial centers with$ 4.63/kg-1, in which $1.17/kg-1 correspond to costs and$ 2.33/kg-1 to the profits; also the highest relative margin was obtained at this level and represented 40.6 % of the consumer price. The most important factors that contributed to a better income from the production leader were the productivity and quality of the product

MERCADOS Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE INSUMOS EN LA CADENA DE LECHE DE VACA EN EL ESTADO DE HIDALGO

The objective of the present work was the one to characterize the market of farming insumos of the milk chain of cow in the state of Hidalgo with the purpose of identifying critical necks of bottle or factors that affect their development of the productive chain. The analysis of productive chains and sampling of proportions of Maxima variance was used. To the channels and agents of commercialization were described, as well as the markets of the inputs, identifying themselves that the supplying participate national and transnational companies actively. The balanced foods that are sold are of national origin, the forages are of crazy origin and the veterinary products and reproductive nationals and of companies and laboratories of the foreigner. One concludes that the necks critical factors are related to the nutritional sources (forage and grains), as well as the technical attendance, in addition to the structures of markets some inputs, for example monopolistic competition and oligopoly

MERCADOS Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE INSUMOS EN LA CADENA DE LECHE DE VACA EN EL ESTADO DE HIDALGO

The objective of the present work was the one to characterize the market of farming insumos of the milk chain of cow in the state of Hidalgo with the purpose of identifying critical necks of bottle or factors that affect their development of the productive chain. The analysis of productive chains and sampling of proportions of Maxima variance was used. To the channels and agents of commercialization were described, as well as the markets of the inputs, identifying themselves that the supplying participate national and transnational companies actively. The balanced foods that are sold are of national origin, the forages are of crazy origin and the veterinary products and reproductive nationals and of companies and laboratories of the foreigner. One concludes that the necks critical factors are related to the nutritional sources (forage and grains), as well as the technical attendance, in addition to the structures of markets some inputs, for example monopolistic competition and oligopoly.Agri Food Chain, markets, commercialization, inputs, dairymilk, Cadena agroalimentaria, mercados, comercialización, insumos, leche de vaca., Livestock Production/Industries,

Demandas Tecnologicas y de Politica para mejorar la Competividad de la Cadena Agroalimentaria de Leche en el Estado de Hidalgo

Technological innovation and implementation of public policies must be inserted in production processes of cow's milk in Mexico in order to cover the demands of producers. In this sense, the study objective was to identify main critical factors and technology demands and public policy to improve the competitiveness of the milk agro-alimentary chain from cow's milk in the Hidalgo state. Through a forum with various actors in the chain were validated and prioritized 12 critical factors, likewise its causes were identified and subsequently their demands. Were identified 19 demands; 10 to technological area, 7 demands of political and 2 of knowledge. Through literature review was identify the available technology for the settlement of claims raised, we found a total of 286 titles mostly for the primary link. It was identified that much of the technology and knowledge demands can be covered by the available supply, while for the politics demands there is not information that might fill them. In conclusion, most be work on developing public policies based on what raised by those attending the forum, in to train to producers and in the process of technology transfer, to guarantee that the technology generated in the centers and research institutions and education reaches the agro-alimentary chain links from cow's milk in Hidalgo state

NECESIDADES DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DE ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L) EN EL ESTADO DE HIDALGO

The present work was carried out in 2008 with the objective of determining the alfalfa chain research needs in the state of Hidalgo. The productive chain approach was used and the following five steps were also carried out: i) Chain characterization, ii) Identification of critical factors, iii) Identification of research demands iv) Identification of research supply and v) Identification of research needs. Among the most outstanding results we have: the development of an alfalfa chain conceptual model integrated by 6 links and 25 segments; identification of 19 critical factors; identification of 17 demands including 12 regarding research, validation, and technology transfer and 5 regarding design and policy strategies; identification of 97 products supplied by research including 29% on varieties' generation and validation, 15% on plague and disease control, 11% on efficient water usage, and 2% on cut methods. In conclusion, 60% of the supply takes care of the identified demands, and needs exist in: validation and transfer of high productive potential alfalfa varieties; generation of new products, design of an updated catalogue regarding the main plagues and diseases that harm the alfalfa culture as well as a control method; training and technology transfer regarding the efficient irrigation water usage; design of agricultural machinery for alfalfa cut and packing, and training producers on seeds production