A classification of the eucalypts

ABSTRACT Pryor, L.D., and Johnson, L.A.S. (Dept. Bot., Aust. Nat. Univ., Canberra, and Roy. Bot. Gardens and Nat. Herb., Sydney). A CLASSIFICATION OF THE EUCALYPTS (Dept. Bot. Puhl.), 102 pp., 1971.-­A new classification is presented of all taxa of EuaaZyptus (and Angophora) (Myrtaceae­Leptospermoideae), on the basis of studies from many disciplines and extensive field experience. This is not in the traditional revisionary form and formal nomenclatural innovations at the species and subspecies level will follow later. Infrageneric classification into subgenera, sections, series, and subseries follows a rationalised plan explicitly divorced from the traditional system embodied in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This is accompanied by an equivalent and flexible system using 1- to 6-letter coded designations for taxa of the various ranks, which embodies the whole classificatory structure. There is a comprehensive index to specific and infraspecific names. Discussion covers the kinds of evidence used, the inflorescence, the operculum, the ovule, and the seed, as well as genetic behaviour, the range of variation-patterns found, and the case for recognition of segregate genera. Recognition of two (only) such genera (EuaaZyptus s. str. and Symphyomyrtus) as proposed by some recent authors is considered oversimplified and contrary to the evidence. Although division into a number of genera may perhaps be desirable in the future, it seems best at present to consider all the eucalypts as constituting a single genus with eight subgenera. Angophora would logically be included as one of these but, to avoid possible future reversals, its generic status ·is not· formally reduced at this· stage

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

SMB chromatography applied to the separation/purification of fructose from cashew apple juice

The simulated moving-bed (SMB) technology has been successfully used in separations in petrochemical, food and fine chemical industries. This work is intended to show a potencial economic alternative for the industrial processing of the cashew apple juice. The cashew tree is a native tropical plant abundant in Northeastern Brazil, whose commercial value relies mainly on the processing of its nut. The penduncle of the fruit is called the cashew apple. Despite its high nutrition value, around 90% of the crop spoils on the soil. Simulation and experimental results are presented for SMB separation of fructose from glucose, both present (<FONT FACE="Symbol">~</FONT>40 kg/m³) in the aqueous phase of comercial cashew apple juice. Kinetic and equilibrium data for fructose and glucose on packed columns using cation-exchange resins are reported. Experimental results for SMB operation indicate close to 90% purity in each product (fructose-rich extract and glucose-rich raffinate). Simulated unit performance and internal profiles agree well with experimental values. To increase the added-value and versatility of the products, either a step of isomerization of the raffinate or diverse SMB fluid-solid flowrate ratios may be applied. By this way, a wide range of products may be obtained, from nearly pure fructose to 42%, 55% and 90% solutions, which are the standard high fructose syrup concentrations. If solids content is conveniently raised to the usual HFCS (high fructose corn syrup) comercial standards, these products may be used as food additives, thus confirming a potentially attractive use of cashew apple juice