Child sexual abuse: The effect of parental support on the development of psychopathology

Seksuelle overgrep mot barn (CSA) er et folkehelseproblem og kan ha gjennomgripende konsekvenser på både individ-, familie- og samfunnsnivå, særlig i tilfeller av intrafamiliære overgrep. Støtte fra en ikke-overgripende omsorgsgiver har blitt foreslått som en beskyttelsesfaktor for utvikling av psykiske symptomer i etterkant av avdekking av CSA. Denne litteraturgjennomgangen har som mål å undersøke hvordan foreldrestøtte påvirker utviklingen av psykopatologi både på kort og lang sikt i etterkant av seksuelle overgrep i barndommen. Resultatene indikerer at foreldrestøtte kan motvirke utvikling av psykopatologi, men grad av sammenheng varierer mellom studiene. Resultatene fra litteraturgjennomgangen blir drøftet i lys av tilknytningsteori og Spacarellis transaksjonelle modell. Ulike faktorer som kan påvirke grad av støtte barnet får fra sine foreldre blir gjennomgått. Implikasjoner av funnene blir drøftet, som hvordan foreldrestøtte kan fasiliteres og dermed redusere psykopatologiske konsekvenser av CSA. Metodiske begrensninger identifiseres og drøftes.Child sexual abuse (CSA) is regarded a public health problem with pervasive consequences on both an individual, familial and societal level, particularly in cases of intrafamilial abuse. Support from a non-offending caregiver has been suggested to work as a buffer against the development of post-disclosure symptomatology in children. The purpose of this literature review is to examine how parental support affects the development of short- and long-term psychopathology in the aftermath of CSA. The results suggest that parental support can counteract the development of psychopathology, but the degree of significance is not consistent through studies. The results are discussed in the light of attachment theory and Spaccarelli´s transactional model. Factors that can affect the degree of support the child receives from its parents are identified. Implications on how to facilitate parental support, and thus reduce the psychopathological consequences of CSA, are proposed. Methodological limitations are identified and discussed.Hovedoppgave psykologprogrammetPROPSY317PRPSY

Seksuelle overgrep i barndom: Betydningen av foreldrestøtte for utvikling av psykopatologi

Seksuelle overgrep mot barn (CSA) er et folkehelseproblem og kan ha gjennomgripende konsekvenser på både individ-, familie- og samfunnsnivå, særlig i tilfeller av intrafamiliære overgrep. Støtte fra en ikke-overgripende omsorgsgiver har blitt foreslått som en beskyttelsesfaktor for utvikling av psykiske symptomer i etterkant av avdekking av CSA. Denne litteraturgjennomgangen har som mål å undersøke hvordan foreldrestøtte påvirker utviklingen av psykopatologi både på kort og lang sikt i etterkant av seksuelle overgrep i barndommen. Resultatene indikerer at foreldrestøtte kan motvirke utvikling av psykopatologi, men grad av sammenheng varierer mellom studiene. Resultatene fra litteraturgjennomgangen blir drøftet i lys av tilknytningsteori og Spacarellis transaksjonelle modell. Ulike faktorer som kan påvirke grad av støtte barnet får fra sine foreldre blir gjennomgått. Implikasjoner av funnene blir drøftet, som hvordan foreldrestøtte kan fasiliteres og dermed redusere psykopatologiske konsekvenser av CSA. Metodiske begrensninger identifiseres og drøftes

Patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder show poorer executive functions compared to good sleepers

Objective: Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) is associated with negative outcomes, including reduced daytime performance and difficulties with treatment adherence. These outcomes are mediated by executive functions (EF). In this study, we investigated whether patients with DSWPD report inferior EF compared to a control group. The study consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with DSWPD (12 males, mean age 20.7 (±3.1)) and 20 healthy controls (six males, 21.3 (±2.2), p = 1.00) between 16 and 25 years (p = 0.42). Methods: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version Self-Report (BRIEF-A) was used for adults ≥18 years (DSWPD n = 28; controls n = 17) whereas Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Self-Report Version (BRIEF-SR) was used for assessment of EF in adolescents <18 years (DSWPD n = 12; controls n = 3). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare patients to controls. Results: The total group of patients with DSWPD scored significantly poorer compared to the control group on the main indexes; Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) (p = <0.0005), Metacognition Index (MI) (p = <0.0005), and Global Executive Composite (GEC) (p = <0.0005). The adult group with DSWPD scored significantly poorer than the adult control group on eleven of the twelve BRIEF-A scales. Among patients <18 years, the DSWPD-group scored significantly poorer than the control group on 8 of the 13 BRIEF-SR-scales. Conclusion: Patients with DSWPD reported significantly poorer EF compared to controls. Assessment of EF in patients with DSWPD can be valuable for understanding the consequences of the disorder regarding treatment tailoring and adherence

Patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder show poorer executive functions compared to good sleepers

Objective Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) is associated with negative outcomes, including reduced daytime performance and difficulties with treatment adherence. These outcomes are mediated by executive functions (EF). In this study, we investigated whether patients with DSWPD report inferior EF compared to a control group. The study consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with DSWPD (12 males, mean age 20.7 (±3.1)) and 20 healthy controls (six males, 21.3 (±2.2), p = 1.00) between 16 and 25 years (p = 0.42). Methods Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version Self-Report (BRIEF-A) was used for adults ≥18 years (DSWPD n = 28; controls n = 17) whereas Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Self-Report Version (BRIEF-SR) was used for assessment of EF in adolescents <18 years (DSWPD n = 12; controls n = 3). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare patients to controls. Results The total group of patients with DSWPD scored significantly poorer compared to the control group on the main indexes; Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) (p = <0.0005), Metacognition Index (MI) (p = <0.0005), and Global Executive Composite (GEC) (p = <0.0005). The adult group with DSWPD scored significantly poorer than the adult control group on eleven of the twelve BRIEF-A scales. Among patients <18 years, the DSWPD-group scored significantly poorer than the control group on 8 of the 13 BRIEF-SR-scales. Conclusion Patients with DSWPD reported significantly poorer EF compared to controls. Assessment of EF in patients with DSWPD can be valuable for understanding the consequences of the disorder regarding treatment tailoring and adherence