234 research outputs found
A system approach to improving maternal and child health care delivery in Kenyan communities and primary care facilities: baseline survey on maternal health
Background: Maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality are 10 to 100 fold higher in many low-income compared to high-income countries. Reasons for these discrepancies include limited antenatal care and delivery outside health facilities.Objectives: The study aimed at conducting a baseline survey to assess the current levels of maternal health indicators in six counties in Western Kenya.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted targeting women residing in Uasin-Gishu, ElgeyoMarakwet, TransNzoia, Bungoma, Busia and Kakamega counties who had given birth five years prior to the interview. Socio-demographic and maternal indicators were collected using forms adopted from KDHS 2009. Interviews were conducted in the homesteads between December 2015 and June 2016.Results: A total of 6257 women participated in the study, median age 27 years IQR 23-32. Majority of the women had post-primary level of education, were married and 40% were members of an income-generating activity. 56.8% were using modern family planning method, 49% attended WHO recommended four plus antenatal clinic visits and only 20% attended in the first trimester. Majority, 85% had their most recent delivery in a health facility.Conclusion: Findings suggest that women are not attending recommended four plus antenatal clinic visits and even those that attend are few are during the first trimester.Keywords: System approach, maternal and child health care, Kenyan communities
Larviciding Potency of Water and Ethanol Extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’ Herit) on Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)
Introduction: Plant extracts are an attractive target for search of effective malaria vector control agents. The reason for this is that they present a cost effective, target specific and bio-degradable insecticides. The other reason is that they posses varied phytochemical contents that vectors are unlikely to develop resistance to very soon. In this study, we report on effectiveness of ethanol and water extracts of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’ Herit) against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Methods: Crude ethanol and water extracts of leaves (shoot and midsection) and mature green fruits of P. dodecandra were scrutinized for larvicidal activity against 1 st to 4th instar larvae of An. gambiae. Larvicidal bioassays were conducted and effectiveness evaluated using the >80% as per the WHO methods and threshold respectively. ANOVA analyses were performed for statistical justifications of the larvicidal property with P considered significant at p 80%. We recommend that additional refinement and tests need to be done before commercial exploitation as a malaria vector larvicide.
Keywords Anopheles gambiae, Phytolacca dodecandra, Azadirachta indica, Deltamethrin, Ethano
Development of maize single cross hybrids for tolerance to low phosphorus
Low available phosphorus (P) is one of the major hindrances to maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in acid
soils. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop P-efficient maize inbred lines, (2) develop single
cross hybrids from the P-efficient inbred lines, and (3) determine their response to P application in the
P-deficient acid soils of western Kenya. Ninety-eight inbred lines and 49 single crosses were developed
and screened at P-deficient (2.0 to 2.2 mg P/kg soil) soils of Sega and Bumala. Mean grain yield (GY) for
the hybrids was 75.3% higher with P-fertilizer than without P for the same hybrids. Thirty-three percent
(33%) of these hybrids were inefficient but responsive to P application, 27% were efficient and none
responsive, only 13% were efficient and responsive, while the rest were inefficient and non-responsive.
GY was positively correlated (r = 0.57**) with plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) (r = 0.60**) and PH
was correlated with EH (r = 0.86***). This study has developed and identified P-efficient maize
germplasm that can be utilized directly or in developing other hybrids for use in acid soils of western
Kenya and in other acid soils where P is limiting
A system approach to improving maternal and child health care delivery in Kenyan communities and primary care facilities: baseline survey on maternal health
Background: Maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality are 10 to 100 fold
higher in many low-income compared to high-income countries. Reasons
for these discrepancies include limited antenatal care and delivery
outside health facilities. Objectives: The study aimed at conducting a
baseline survey to assess the current levels of maternal health
indicators in six counties in Western Kenya. Methods: This was a cross
sectional study conducted targeting women residing in Uasin-Gishu,
ElgeyoMarakwet, TransNzoia, Bungoma, Busia and Kakamega counties who
had given birth five years prior to the interview. Socio-demographic
and maternal indicators were collected using forms adopted from KDHS
2009. Interviews were conducted in the homesteads between December 2015
and June 2016. Results: A total of 6257 women participated in the
study, median age 27 years IQR 23-32. Majority of the women had
post-primary level of education, were married and 40% were members of
an income-generating activity. 56.8% were using modern family planning
method, 49% attended WHO recommended four plus antenatal clinic visits
and only 20% attended in the first trimester. Majority, 85% had their
most recent delivery in a health facility. Conclusion: Findings suggest
that women are not attending recommended four plus antenatal clinic
visits and even those that attend are few are during the first
trimester. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.6 Cite as: Mwangi
A, Nangami M, Tabu J, Ayuku D, Were E, Fabian E. A system approach to
improving maternal and child health care delivery in Kenyan communities
and primary care facilities: Baseline Survey on Maternal Health. Afri
Health Sci.2019;19(2): 1841-1848. https://dx.doi.
org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.
Sexualised drug use in people attending sexual health clinics in England.
Recent evidence highlights an increase in ‘chemsex’, the use of recreational drugs during sex, in men who have sex with men (MSM) and an association with risky sexual behaviours and outbreaks of STIs.1 However, the extent of sexualised drug use in people attending sexual health clinics (SHCs) is unknown
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