MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS-VALIDITY OF AGREEMENT BY MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES TO ACCEPT LESS THAN STATUTORY SALARY

Plaintiff firemen sued the City of Chattanooga to recover the difference between the salary actually paid them during the depression years and the minimum salary provided by statute. The city, as a defense, relied upon certain instruments voluntarily executed by the plaintiffs by which they authorized the city auditor to reduce their salaries by a specified amount each month during these years so that the city could meet its budget without being compelled to exercise its legal right to reduce the fire force. The plaintiffs claimed that the reductions were illegal because of the minimum salary fixed by law. On appeal, held, plaintiffs were barred from maintaining a suit to recover the difference by the doctrine of equitable estoppel. Molloy v. City of Chattanooga, (Tenn. 1950) 232 S.W. (2d) 24

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS-VALIDITY OF AGREEMENT BY MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES TO ACCEPT LESS THAN STATUTORY SALARY

Plaintiff firemen sued the City of Chattanooga to recover the difference between the salary actually paid them during the depression years and the minimum salary provided by statute. The city, as a defense, relied upon certain instruments voluntarily executed by the plaintiffs by which they authorized the city auditor to reduce their salaries by a specified amount each month during these years so that the city could meet its budget without being compelled to exercise its legal right to reduce the fire force. The plaintiffs claimed that the reductions were illegal because of the minimum salary fixed by law. On appeal, held, plaintiffs were barred from maintaining a suit to recover the difference by the doctrine of equitable estoppel. Molloy v. City of Chattanooga, (Tenn. 1950) 232 S.W. (2d) 24

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Circumstellar Nebulosity of T Tauri

Short-exposure Planetary Camera images of T Tauri have been obtained using broadband filters spanning the wavelength range 0.55-0.80 μm. The optically visible star lies very close to an arc of reflection nebulosity. The arc's northern arm extends approximately 5" from the star, while its southwestern arm appears brighter and extends only 2". The arc shows an approximate symmetry along an axis toward the west-northwest, the direction of Hind's Nebula and the blueshifted molecular outflow. The morphology of the reflected light is similar to models of scattered light within an illuminated, axisymmetric outflow cavity in a circumbinary envelope, viewed ≈ 45° from the outflow axis. However, our model images do not successfully account for the amount of limb brightening that is seen. No optical counterpart to the infrared companion is seen to a limiting magnitude of V = 19.6, which suggests A_V > 7 mag toward this source. There is no evidence for an optical tertiary, to a limiting ΔV = 5.1 mag fainter than the primary, at the position where such an object has been previously reported

Prospective memory deficits in illicit polydrug users are associated with the average long term typical dose of ecstasy typically consumed in a single session

Rationale Neuroimaging evidence suggests that ecstasy-related reductions in SERT densities relate more closely to the number of tablets typically consumed per session rather than estimated total lifetime use. In order to better understand the basis of drug related deficits in prospective memory (PM) we explored the association between PM and average long-term typical dose and long-term frequency of use. Method Study 1: Sixty five ecstasy/polydrug users and 85 non-ecstasy users completed an event based, a short-term and a long-term time based PM task. Study 2: Study 1 data were merged with outcomes on the same PM measures from a previous study creating a combined sample of 103 ecstasy/polydrug users, 38 cannabis-only users and 65 nonusers of illicit drugs. Results Study 1: Ecstasy/polydrug users had significant impairments on all PM outcomes compared to non-ecstasy users. Study 2: Ecstasy/polydrug users were impaired in event based PM compared to both other groups and in long-term time based PM compared to non illicit drug users. Both drug using groups did worse on the short-term time based PM task compared to nonusers. Higher long-term average typical dose of ecstasy was associated with poorer performance on the event and short-term time based PM tasks and accounted for unique variance in the two PM measures over and above the variance associated with cannabis and cocaine use. Conclusions The typical ecstasy dose consumed in a single session is an important predictor of PM impairments with higher doses reflecting increasing tolerance giving rise to greater PM impairment

Stellar Populations at the Center of IC 1613

We have observed the center of the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613 with WFPC2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope in the F439W, F555W, and F814W filters. We find a dominant old stellar population (aged ~7 Gyr), identifiable by the strong red giant branch (RGB) and red clump populations. From the (V-I) color of the RGB, we estimate a mean metallicity of the intermediate-age stellar population [Fe/H] = -1.38 +/- 0.31. We confirm a distance of 715 +/- 40 kpc using the I-magnitude of the RGB tip. The main-sequence luminosity function down to I ~25 provides evidence for a roughly constant SFR of approximately 0.00035 solar masses per year across the WFPC2 field of view (0.22 square kpc) during the past 250-350 Myr. Structure in the blue loop luminosity function implies that the SFR was ~50% higher 400-900 Myr ago than today. The mean heavy element abundance of these young stars is 1/10th solar. The best explanation for a red spur on the main-sequence at I = 24.7 is the blue horizontal branch component of a very old stellar population at the center of IC 1613. We have also imaged a broader area of IC 1613 using the 3.5-meter WIYN telescope under excellent seeing conditions. The AGB-star luminosity function is consistent with a period of continuous star formation over at least the age range 2-10 Gyr. We present an approximate age-metallicity relation for IC 1613, which appears similar to that of the Small Magellanic Cloud. We compare the Hess diagram of IC 1613 to similar data for three other Local Group dwarf galaxies, and find that it most closely resembles the nearby, transition-type dwarf galaxy Pegasus (DDO 216).Comment: To appear in the September 1999 Astronomical Journal. LaTeX, uses AASTeX v4.0, emulateapj style file, 19 pages, 12 postscript figures, 2 tables. 5 of the figures available separately via the WW