Flora of the Erie Islands: A Review of Floristic, Ecological and Historical Research and Conservation Activities, 1976 – 2010

Author Institution: Lake Erie Islands Chapter, Black Swamp Conservancy, Put-in-Bay, OHAuthor Institution: Biota of North American Program, Chapel Hill, NCAuthor Institution: Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, CanadaThe purpose of this review is to survey the floristic, ecological and historical research about the Erie Islands and its flora since 1976 and to describe efforts to conserve Erie Island habitats. Island location records, surveys and multi-island inventories reveal that over 1,000 vascular plant taxa are known from the Erie Islands and new records continue to be found. Alvar habitats, rare globally, occur on the Erie Islands and are a focus of conservation efforts. Forest composition is primarily related to island elevation above lake level and moisture availability. Patterns of succession in abandoned vineyards and orchards are not the same due to differing agricultural practices prior to abandonment that favored different suites of invading species. Applying island biogeographic theory and methods to analyze the flora of the Erie Islands demonstrated that the indigenous flora on individual islands varies in relation to the size of an island in accordance with biogeographic theory whereas the non-indigenous flora on smaller islands is a constantly changing random subset of the non-indigenous flora of larger islands. Geological and palynological research about pre-settlement forests support the historic descriptions of these forests by early European settlers. Governmental and private efforts to preserve Erie Island habitats and the flora therein expanded significantly in the past 35 years. Efforts by the State of Ohio, the Province of Ontario, non-governmental organizations and island communities to acquire and conserve unique island habitats resulted in the preservation of important alvar, wetland and woodland habitat on large islands and the acquisition of Green Island, Middle Island and West Sister Island

Prospectus, February 5, 1971

FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTALIST COMING TO PARKLAND; Student Government Cited As Progressive ; Teacher Works For ZPG; Problems Of Our Times: Laisse-Faireism; Letters To Editor; Comments On Letters; Bull Page: Upcoming Events, SWAMP, Library Cards, News Release, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Family Night, Vets Meeting, Play Tryouts, Teach In, Gemini House, Yearbook Pictures, IOC, SASLA, Fail Safe, Flash Gordon, Hotline; Rich Harper explodes for 23: Eastern Frosh Defeat Cobras; Penthouse Gang Clinches Tie; College Swim Meet February 10, 4:00 p.m.; Parkland Places Third in Tourney; Joliet Community Beats Cobras; Intramural Standings; Campbell Recruite From Decaturhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1013/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, January 8, 1971

TUITION INCREASE SLATED FOR FALL QUARTER 1971; Staerkel Says Inflation Raises College Expense; Financial Outlook Is Bleak; Vets Have Used Book Store; Do We Still Have Freedom Of The Press?; Letters to the Editor; In The Swim; Wrestlers Win Two Drop One; Intramural Results; Basketball For January; Cobras Drop Squeaker To Lincoln Land; Yearbook Pictures Schedule; Bull Page: Odd Couple Cast, University Handbooks, Financial Aids, Visitation Day, Vets Meeting, IOC, Drug Week, BudgetsCollege Yearbook, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, College Playhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1017/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, December 4, 1970

TWAS THE NIGHT BEFORE CHAMPAIGN; \u27Hotline\u27 Provides Objective Listeners; Letters To Editor; \u27Tis The Season-Ho!-Hell!; Guest Column: General Discrimination; Parkland Opens Roundball Season At Pontiac; Bull Page: Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Parking, Phi Beta Lambda, Need Help, Tau Epsilon, Used Books, Tryouts For The Odd Couple , Probation Policy, Chess Club; I\u27m For Real: Cobras Place Second In Turkey Tourney; Intramural B-Ball Schedule; Intramural B-Ball Has Big Turnout; Sports Briefs; Christmas Athletehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1970/1017/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, February 12, 1971

S.A.S.L.A. IS STARTED FOR STUDENT BENEFIT: ILLIACS TO TAKE ACTION; Veterans Association Co-Sponsors Boy Scouts; Problems Of Our Times: This Business Of Space; Letters To Editor; An Editorial; Bull Page: Coffee House, New Club, Family Night, SASLA, W. I. U. Transfer, SWAMP, Fail Safe, Vets Meeting, Hotline, Gemini House, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, No Paper; Champion Gymnast Teaches At Parkland; Parkland Wins Triangular; Parkland Defeats Lincoln Land; District Playoffs Announced; Mad Dogs Win Green Division; Swim Meet Belley Flops; Intramural Playoffs; Indoor Track Schedule; Intramural Standings; Track Team Shows Strengthhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1012/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, January 15, 1971

STUDENT SENATE TO PICK ORANGIZATION OF THE YEAR; Speakers, Films, Panel To Highlight Teach-In Titled About Drugs ; Editors Of Student Newspapers See Censorship As Growing Threat; Problems Of Our Times: Emotion As A Cause; Guest Column; Letters;Bull Page: Ice Skating Party, SWAMP, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Family Night, Decals, Drug Program, IOC, Student Transfers, Financial Aids, SIU Guest Day, Used Book Store, College Play, Debates Team, Yearbook, Flash Gordon, Vets Meeting, Student Government, Attention All Clubs; Parkland Holds Music Building Workshops; Chemistry Teacher Is Ex-Hockey Plater; Picture Schedule; Illini Freshman Defeat Cobras; I\u27m For Real: Apathy Strikes Cobras; Indoor Track; Danville Over PC; Sport Briefs; Athlete Of The Monthhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1016/thumbnail.jp

Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Induction in Adults Who Received Kidney Transplants from Living Unrelated Donors and Received Cyclosporine‐Based Immunosuppression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90167/1/phco.29.10.1166.pd

An iterative approach to precondition inference using constrained Horn clauses

We present a method for automatic inference of conditions on the initial states of a program that guarantee that the safety assertions in the program are not violated. Constrained Horn clauses (CHCs) are used to model the program and assertions in a uniform way, and we use standard abstract interpretations to derive an over-approximation of the set of unsafe initial states. The precondition then is the constraint corresponding to the complement of that set, under-approximating the set of safe initial states. This idea of complementation is not new, but previous attempts to exploit it have suffered from the loss of precision. Here we develop an iterative specialisation algorithm to give more precise, and in some cases optimal safety conditions. The algorithm combines existing transformations, namely constraint specialisation, partial evaluation and a trace elimination transformation. The last two of these transformations perform polyvariant specialisation, leading to disjunctive constraints which improve precision. The algorithm is implemented and tested on a benchmark suite of programs from the literature in precondition inference and software verification competitions.Comment: Paper presented at the 34nd International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2018), Oxford, UK, July 14 to July 17, 2018 18 pages, LaTe