Design for Giving: Understanding What Motivates Corporate Philanthropy

What motivates corporate philanthropy? Since corporate giving is often fragmented, both in the sense of where grants originate within a company and where they are distributed, corporations typically lack a clear and comprehensive picture of their overall philanthropic expenditures and investments. In examining the giving patterns of corporations and other foundations, we have found that the vast majority of grants can be explained by three motivational clusters. Maximizing impact means managing the mix

Inventory control in a multi-warehouse system

Imperial Users onl

Experimental investigations on controlled auto-ignition combustion in a four-stroke gasoline engine

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The effects of air and exhaust gas dilution on the CAI combustion of a range of fuels including three gasoline compositions, four primary reference fuels, and two alcohols are experimentally investigated using a single cylinder research engine. Two of the three gasolines tested are manufactured from standard gasoline during engine operation by a novel fuel system, designed to improve the performance of both controlled autoignition and spark ignition engines. A series of experimental tests are performed to establish the satisfactory combined air and exhaust gas dilution regions for each fuel. Detailed in-cylinder pressure and exhaust gas speciation measurements are taken, and the fuels are compared and contrasted for their performance in terms of power output, fuel consumption, and harmful exhaust emissions. Results show that alcohol fuels are superior to hydrocarbon fuels for controlled autoignition combustion because their autoignition characteristics are less affected by the presence of exhaust gas species. Furthermore, the timing of autoignition is shown to be of minor importance for achieving efficient and stable controlled autoignition combustion, contrary to widely held beliefs. In addition, the novel fuel system is developed and commissioned for use on a single cylinder research engine operating with a spark ignition system. The two gasoline fuels produced by the system are evaluated individually for their knocking combustion characteristics over a range of compression ratios and spark advances. Results from these tests indicate that the fuel system used in conjunction with a specially modified production engine may allow the normal compression ratio of that engine to be increased by up to 1.0, increasing its efficiency.Financial support obtained from Ford Motor Company

An Open Letter on Reforming the Process of Revising the Federal Rules

An Open Letter on Reforming the Process of Revising the Federal Rule