Multilateralismus im Hohen Norden: Die Ukrainekrise droht, die Arktisdiplomatie zu versicherheitlichen

Im April dieses Jahres übergab Kanada den Vorsitz des Arktischen Rates an die USA; in der Arktis waren diese bislang kein starker Akteur. Doch gerade jetzt gefährdet die Ukrainekrise die bisher gut funktionierende internationale Zusammenarbeit mit Russland in der Arktis. Gleichzeitig ist angesichts signifikanter umweltpolitischer Herausforderungen und der steigenden wirtschaftlichen Relevanz des Hohen Nordens multilaterale Zusammenarbeit in der Region wichtiger denn je - es gilt sicherzustellen, dass diplomatische Lösungen auch in Zukunft möglich sein werden

Additional file 3: Table S8. of The dynamics of the metabolism of acetate and bicarbonate associated with use of hemodialysates in the ABChD trial: a phase IV, prospective, single center, single blind, randomized, cross-over, two week investigation

Estimating the Difference between Bicarbonate Dialysate Inflow and Arterial Blood Bicarbonate (mEq/L) at Any Time Point during 240 Minute Dialysis Treatment - Excluding Subjects S010, S015, S017. (DOCX 12 kb

The tumour microenvironment of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract differentially influences dendritic cell maturation

Background: Only 10–30% of oesophageal and rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have a complete pathological response. Inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in the tumour microenvironment (TME) may enable evasion of anti-tumour immune responses.Methods: The TME influence on infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) was modelled by treating immature monocyte-derived DCs with Tumour Conditioned Media (TCM) from distinct gastrointestinal sites, prior to LPS-induced maturation. Results: Cell line conditioned media from gastrointestinal cell lines inhibited LPS-induced DC markers and TNF-α secretion. TCM generated from human tumour biopsies from oesophageal, rectal and colonic adenocarcinoma induced different effects on LPS-induced DC markers - CD54, CD80, HLA-DR, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by oesophageal cancer; CD80, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by rectal cancer, whereas CD54, HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and PD-L1 were inhibited by colonic cancer. Notably, TCM from all GI cancer types inhibited TNF-α secretion. Additionally, TCM from irradiated biopsies inhibited DC markers. Profiling the TCM showed that IL-2 levels positively correlated with maturation marker CD54, while Ang-2 and bFGF levels negatively correlated with CD54. Conclusion: This study identifies that there are differences in DC maturational capacity induced by the TME of distinct gastrointestinal cancers. This could potentially have implications for anti-tumour immunity and response to radiotherapy