The timing and duration of exposure to herbivore kairomones (mucus from the snail <i>Helix aspersa</i>) determines the degree to which plants are attacked by snails.

<p>Early exposure of <i>Brassica nigra</i> seeds to snail mucus and deionized water did not lead to differences in herbivory by snails compared to seeds that received early exposure to only deionized water. However, plants that received repeated exposure to snail mucus and deionized water (five exposure events over the course of growth) experienced lowered rates of snail herbivory compared to seedlings that received repeated exposure to only water, regardless of early exposure as a seed. Data represent means ±1 S.E. of main effects for non-transformed data (statistical analyses in text use logit-transformed data).</p

Diagrammatic description of the experimental design.

<p>The experimental design resulted in four treatment combinations of <i>Brassica nigra</i> plants depending upon the type of early cue and repeated cue the plants received: 1) plants that received deionized water (DI) once as a seed and received DI water five times as a seedling, 2) plants that received DI water as a seed and received DI water and mucus five times as a seedling, 3) plants that received DI water and mucus as a seed and only DI water five times as a seedling, 4) plants that received DI water and mucus as a seed and DI water and mucus five times as a seedling. In the diagram below, mucus refers to all substances present on blotters that were traversed by snails, such that mucus could also include snail feces (see text for full description).</p

Hahn_JEcol_flowering_DATA

Data on flowering for the plants after the second year of the experiment. All data were collected in the field by the authors

Hahn_JEcol_herbivory_DATA

Data on herbivore damage to the plants at three survey periods throughout the experiment. All data were collected in the field by the authors

Overview of the method and demonstration of thermal patterns indicative of animal capture.

<p>A. Overview of the trap-timing design: paired pouches made from aluminum window screening are used to suspend one temperature logger inside the Sherman live trap and another temperature logger outside the trap. The side of the live trap is opened to provide a clear view of the setup. B. An example of how temperature data can be used to estimate entry time. Temperature differences between the inside and outside of a trap for times when the time of <i>P</i>. <i>maniculatus</i> release is precisely known. Note how environmental temperature fluctuations affect the temperature inside and outside the trap, but the difference between the paired temperature loggers is a consistent indicator of trap status.</p

Appendix A. Grasshopper feeding preferences.

Grasshopper feeding preferences

Hahn_Orrock_Oikos_DATA

Data associated with Hahn and Orrock (2015) Oiko

Hahn_JEcol_biomass_DATA

Data for biomass at the end of the experiment. All data were collected in the field by the authors

Changes in trap temperature when entry and exit times are known.

<p>Temperature changes (delta C) between the inside and outside of a trap for times when the time of <i>P</i>. <i>maniculatus</i> entry (left panel) or exit (right panel) is precisely known. Data for known-entry trials consist of 45 separate trials conducted over a range of ambient temperatures of 14–20.5 C (mean = 17.09) using 34 different mice ranging in weight from 14.5–27 grams (mean = 19.04). Data for known-exit trials consist of 17 separate trials conducted over a range of ambient temperatures of 14–20.5 C (mean = 18.02) using 17 different mice ranging in weight from 15–24 g (mean = 18.74). Core body temperature of <i>P</i>. <i>maniculatus</i> is 37 C [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165710#pone.0165710.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]. Error bars represent 95% confidence limits.</p

HahnOrrock_JAE_Data

The file contains data used in the manuscript. All data were collected by the authors in the field, except for fire records, which were obtained from the US-Forest Service. Please refer to the manuscript and metadata for additional details