340 research outputs found
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Repeatability Analysis of 304L Deposition by the LENS® Process
Sandia National Laboratories is currently engaging in an effort to qualify Laser Engineered Net
Shaping™ (LENS®) as a repair and modification process for high rigor metal components. As
part of that effort, the LENS team has conducted a process repeatability test to help identify
variation within the system. This test utilized 304L stainless steel which is a commonly used
material at Sandia. Over the course of 12 weeks, 3/8”x3/8”x2” towers were built in sets of 3
with a total of 30 towers completed. A random sampling of 10 of these towers (1 from each set
of 3) had been identified before depositing the towers, and these towers were used for tensile
testing and metallographic testing. The testing showed the ultimate and yield strengths of all
samples to be well above those of annealed 304L. This is expected because of the rapid melt
pool solidification present in the LENS process and the resulting grain refinement. The ductility,
which usually remains on par with annealed 304L, was found to be lower. The final cause of this
loss of ductility was determined to be inter-layer separation due to loose wires in the closed loop
melt pool control system.Englis
Determining the top-antitop and Couplings of a Neutral Higgs Boson of Arbitrary CP Nature at the NLC
The optimal procedure for extracting the coefficients of different components
of a cross section which takes the form of unknown coefficients times functions
of known kinematical form is developed. When applied to \epem\to t\anti
t+Higgs production at \rts=1\tev and integrated luminosity of 200\fbi, we
find that the t\anti t\toHiggs CP-even and CP-odd couplings and, to a lesser
extent, the Higgs (CP-even) coupling can be extracted with reasonable
errors, assuming the Higgs sector parameter choices yield a significant
production rate. Indeed, the composition of a mixed-CP Higgs eigenstate can be
determined with sufficient accuracy that a SM-like CP-even Higgs boson can be
distinguished from a purely CP-odd Higgs boson at a high level of statistical
significance, and vice versa.Comment: 8 pages, full postscript file also available via anonymous ftp at
ftp://ucdhep.ucdavis.edu/gunion/eetottbh.p
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Ultra-flat Gold QCM Electrodes Fabricated with Pressure Forming Template Stripping for Protein Studies at the Nanoscale
Single-molecule imaging of proteins using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is crucially dependent on protein attachment to ultra-flat substrates. The technique of template stripping (TS), which can be used to create large areas of atomically flat gold, has been used to great effect
for this purpose. However, this approach requires an epoxy which can swell in solution, causing surface roughening and substantially increasing the thickness of any sample, preventing its use on acoustic resonators in liquid. Diffusion bonding techniques should circumvent this problem
but cannot be used on samples containing patterned features with mismatched heights due to cracking and poor transfer. Here, we describe a new technique called pressure forming template stripping (PTS) which permits an ultra-flat (0.35 ± 0.05 nm root-mean-square roughness) layer
of gold to be transferred to the surface of a patterned substrate at low temperature and pressure. We demonstrate this technique by modifying a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor to contain an ultra-flat gold surface. Standard QCM chips have substantial roughness, preventing
AFM imaging of proteins on the surface after measurement. With our approach there is no need to run samples in parallel: the modified QCM chip is flat enough to permit high-contrast AFM imaging after adsorption studies have been conducted. The PTS-QCM chips are then used to
demonstrate adsorption of bovine serum albumin in comparison to rough QCM chips. The ability to attach thin layers of ultra-flat metals to surfaces of heterogeneous nature without epoxy will have many applications in diverse fields where there is a requirement to observe nanoscale phenomena with multiple techniques, including surface and interfacial science, optics, and biosensing
Brymela antioquiana S.P. Churchill & J.J. Atwood (Pilotrichaceae) a new species from Colombia
A new species, Brymelaantioquiana S.P. Churchill & J.J. Atwood, is
described and illustrated from Colombia. The new species is superficially similar
to B. parkeriana (Hook. & Grev.) W.R. Buck - a species from northern Amazonia,
the Guianas and Lesser Antilles - in its weakly complanate habit and straight,
oblong-lanceolate leaves. Brymelaantioquiana differs from B. parkeriana inhaving: longer leaves (3.6-4.0 versus 2.1-3.2 mm); long-acuminate versus obtuse
to acute leaf apices; more strongly undulate upper laminae; and entire to weakly
serrulate leaf margins with simple teeth versus serrulate to moderately serrate
leaf margins with occasionally bifid teeth. A key to the 13 species of Brymelais
provided
Multi-Material Processing By Lens
During the past few years, solid freeform fabrication has evolved into direct fabrication of
metallic components using computer aided design (CAD) solid models. [1-4] Laser Engineered
Net Shaping (LENS™) is one such technique [5-7] being developed at Sandia to fabricate high
strength, near net shape metallic components. In the past two years a variety of components have
been fabricated using LENS™ for applications ranging from prototype parts to injection mold
tooling. [8]
To advance direct fabrication capabilities, a process must be able to accommodate a wide
range ofmaterials, including alloys and composites. This is important for tailoring certain
physical properties critical to component performance. Examples include graded deposition for
matching coefficient ofthermal expansion between dissimilar materials, layered fabrication for
novel mechanical properties, and new alloy design where elemental constituents and/or alloys are
blended to create new materials. In this paper, we will discuss the development ofprecise
powder feeding capabilities for the LENSTM process to fabricate graded or layered material parts.
We also present preliminary results from chemical and microstructural analysis.Mechanical Engineerin
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New low cost material development technique for advancing rapid prototyping manufacturing technology.
Final state rescattering as a contribution to
We provide a new estimate of the long-distance component to the radiative
transition . Our mechanism involves the soft-scattering of
on-shell hadronic products of nonleptonic decay, as in the chain . We employ a phenomenological fit to scattering data
to estimate the effect. The specific intermediate states considered here modify
the decay rate at roughly the level, although
the underlying effect has the potential to be larger. Contrary to other
mechanisms of long distance physics which have been discussed in the
literature, this yields a non-negligible modification of the channel and hence will provide an uncertainty in the extraction of
. This mechanism also affects the isospin relation between the rates
for and and may generate CP
asymmetries at experimentally observable levels.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex, 3 figure
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Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) for the repair and modification of NWC metal components.
Laser Engineered Net Shaping{trademark} (LENS{reg_sign}) is a layer additive manufacturing process that creates fully dense metal components using a laser, metal powder, and a computer solid model. This process has previously been utilized in research settings to create metal components and new material alloys. The ''Qualification of LENS for the Repair and Modification of Metal NWC Components'' project team has completed a Technology Investment project to investigate the use of LENS for repair of high rigor components. The team submitted components from four NWC sites for repair or modification using the LENS process. These components were then evaluated for their compatibility to high rigor weapons applications. The repairs included hole filling, replacement of weld lips, addition of step joints, and repair of surface flaws and gouges. The parts were evaluated for mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, weldability, and hydrogen compatibility. This document is a record of the LENS processing of each of these component types and includes process parameters, build strategies, and lessons learned. Through this project, the LENS process was shown to successfully repair or modify metal NWC components
Protecting Endangered Species in the USA Requires Both Public and Private Land Conservation
Crucial to the successful conservation of endangered species is the overlap of their ranges with protected areas. We analyzed protected areas in the continental USA to assess the extent to which they covered the ranges of endangered tetrapods. We show that in 80% of ecoregions, protected areas offer equal (25%) or worse (55%) protection for species than if their locations were chosen at random. Additionally, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve sufficient protection for 100% of the USA’s endangered tetrapods through targeted protection of undeveloped public and private lands. Our results highlight that the USA is likely to fall short of its commitments to halting biodiversity loss unless more considerable investments in both public and private land conservation are made
Ubiquitous CP violation in a top-inspired left-right model
We explore CP violation in a Left-Right Model that reproduces the quark mass
and CKM rotation angle hierarchies in a relatively natural way by fixing the
bidoublet Higgs VEVs to be in the ratio m_b:m_t. Our model is quite general and
allows for CP to be broken by both the Higgs VEVs and the Yukawa couplings.
Despite this generality, CP violation may be parameterized in terms of two
basic phases. A very interesting feature of the model is that the mixing angles
in the right-handed sector are found to be equal to their left-handed
counterparts to a very good approximation. Furthermore, the right-handed
analogue of the usual CKM phase delta_L is found to satisfy the relation
delta_R \approx delta_L. The parameter space of the model is explored by using
an adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm and the allowed regions in parameter space
are determined by enforcing experimental constraints from the K and B systems.
This method of solution allows us to evaluate the left- and right-handed CKM
matrices numerically for various combinations of the two fundamental CP-odd
phases in the model. We find that all experimental constraints may be satisfied
with right-handed W and Flavour Changing Neutral Higgs masses as low as about 2
TeV and 7 TeV, respectively.Comment: 37 pages, 13 figure
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