The Entrepreneurial State Goes to Europe

This article investigates state-level export programs in response to the emerging new economic and political regime of Europe 1992. Little related export promotion activity is found, even in states reputed to have the most active entrepreneurial policies. The authors conclude that states have few resources to invest in export promotion and are inappropriate jurisdictions around which to organize such policy, despite the much touted entrepreneurial state

Developments in Correctional Services for Adult Felony Offenders in Louisiana

What la Louisiana getting far Its multi-mllion dollar Investment and annual expenditure of thousands of dollars for correctional services? Is this what we want, ar should we strive for something better? This thesis attempts to answer these questions in terms of a reformulation of major correctional theories. These theories are organized here Into two approaches to the problem of correction, designated as the legalistic and scientific systems. Their basic premises are, respectively, the traditional concept of free will and the scientific concept of multiple causation In human behavior. This study concerns Louisiana State Penitentiary, the Board of Parole, and the Division of Probation and Parole of the Louisiana Department of Public Welfare. Today these agencies are found to be legalistic in their conception of their function; their reciprocal relationships are a matter of administrative expediency rather than therapeutic necessity, that Is, the individual offender Is subjected to a segmented approach by Independent, loosely co-ordinated agencies instead of a continuous treatment process. They do not employ scientific methods. When the problem of correction of adult felony offenders Is viewed from broader perspectives, it Is found that many perplexing problems remain to be solved. In Louisiana, we do not know how many such offenders there are; their fate Is too largely decided on the basis of inadequate information and accidents of geography. Although administrative and therapeutic considerations both Indicate that the agencies dealing with these Individuals should be Integrated, no study has been made to determine what the most felicitous lv auspices would be. Important, advances have been made in Louisiana in recent years, but much yet remains to be done. The writer proposes a Louisiana Correctional Commission as a first step in the orderly evolution of a conceptually consistent and scientifically oriented correctional system

Nitrous Oxide Emissions

End of project reportNitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the three most important greenhouse gases (GHG). Nitrous oxide emissions currently account for approximately one third of GHG emissions from agriculture in Ireland. Emissions of N2O arise naturally from soil sources and from the application of nitrogen (N) in the form of N fertilizers and N in dung and urine deposition by grazing animals at pasture. Nitrous oxide emission measurements were conducted at three different scales. Firstly, a large-scale field experiment was undertaken to compare emission rates from a pasture receiving three different rates of N fertilizer application and to identify the effects of controlling variables over a two-year period. Variation in emission rates was large both within and between years. Two contrasting climatic years were identified. The cooler and wetter conditions in year 1 gave rise to considerably lower emission levels than the warmer and drier year 2. However, in both years, peak emissions were associated with fertilizer N applications coincident with rainfall events in the summer months. A small-plot study was conducted to identify the individual and combined effects of fertilizer, dung and urine applications to grassland. Treatment effects were however, difficult to obtain due to the overriding effects of environmental variables. Thirdly, through the use of a small-scale mini-lysimeter study, the diurnal nature of N2O emission rates was identified for two distinct periods during the year. The occurrence of a diurnal pattern has important implications for the identification of a measurement period during the day which is representative of the true daily flux. The research presented aims to identify the nature and magnitude of N2O emissions and the factors which affect emission rates from a grassland in Ireland. Further work is required to integrate the effects of different soil types and contrasting climatic regimes across soil types on N2O emissions.Environmental Protection Agenc

The Inclusive-Exclusive Connection and the Neutron Negative Central Charge Density

We find an interpretation of the recent finding that the central charge density of the neutron is negative by using models of generalized parton distributions at zero skewness to relate the behavior of deep inelastic scattering quark distributions, evaluated at large values of Bjorken x, to the transverse charge density evaluated at small distances. The key physical input of these models is the Drell-Yan-West relation We find that the d quarks dominate the neutron structure function for large values of Bjorken x, where the large longitudinal momentum of the struck quark has a significant impact on determining the center-of-momentum of the system, and thus the "center" of the nucleon in the transverse position plane.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. Text of an invited talk presented by G. A. Miller at the 2008 Division of Nuclear Physics Meeting in Oakland. Prepared for Int. Journ. Mod. Phys.

Developing measures for valuing changes in biodiversity : final report

This document reports the findings from the DEFRA funded research project 'Developing measures for valuing changes in biodiversity'. The aim of the research was to develop an appropriate framework that will enable cost-effective and robust valuations of the total economic value of changes to biodiversity in the UK countryside. The research involved a review of ecological and economic literature on the valuation of biodiversity changes. The information gathered from this review, along with the findings from a series of public focus groups and an expert review of valuation methodologies, were used to develop a suite of valuation instruments that were used to measure the economic value of different aspects of biodiversity. Contingent valuation and choice experiment studies were administered to households in Cambridgeshire and Northumberland, while valuation workshops were conducted in Northumberland only. The data from these studies were also used to test for benefits transfer

Torso heating of divers in cold water

The article of record as published may be found at 10.3357/ASEM.2488.2009Introduction: Cold water immersion could compromise both the effectiveness and safety of a diver. This paper reports an evaluation of the utility of providing external heating to divers in cold water. Methods: Seven U.S. Navy divers wearing semidry suits were submerged in 7.2 degrees C water for 2 h. In the heated condition, a total of 35 W was delivered to each of four heating pads (total area 2477 cm2) placed on the torso of the divers. In the unheated condition, the participants received no external heating. Results: The participants believed they were more comfortable in the heated, than the unheated condition. However, objective data did not support this perception. In fact, heating the torso had a significantly detrimental effect on the body's thermoregulatory ability, and lacked a positive effect on manual dexterity. Cognitive test performance was not affected by the exposure. Discussion: Heating the torso did not have a positive effect on diver performance. Moreover, heating the torso of a diver may actually increase susceptibility to hypothermia