Household determinants of cooking fuel use and motivation to adopt LPG : the case of the Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

In Sub-Saharan Africa, 70-90% of the energy supply for cooking, lighting, and heating is primarily sourced from biomass. The use of biomass, therefore, represents about 82% of the total energy consumed in the sub-region. However, the adverse impacts of household air pollution (HAP) associated with the over-reliance on traditional solid fuels contribute to global black carbon which is the second most contributing gas to climate change. In Tanzania, women, and children lose precious time for income-producing activities and education because they must gather fuel or spend time cooking with these slow, inefficient, traditional solid fuels. In addition, the pollution associated with the indoor burning of solid fuels (in traditional cookstoves) mostly under poorly ventilated conditions, causes the loss of about 33,024 lives annually. The widespread uptake of clean fuels is, therefore, necessary to improve health and reduce HAP. In this quantitative study, a cross-sectional design was adopted to obtain household information from purposively sampled Wards in the Kinondoni Municipality of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (n=477). Three main results are reported in this study. First, the energy use pattern in all the surveyed households followed the multiple fuel use hypothesis, and households use multiple fuels (LPG, charcoal, kerosene, firewood, and electricity) for different cooking purposes. Secondly, household income, size, residential location, households’ connection to electricity, degree of buying, and unavailability of fuel highly correlate with the choice of cooking energy. Lastly, household income, fuel unavailability, frequency of refilling, the number of household inhabitants, and a household’s connection to electricity are good predictors for the choice of PAYG LPG among the surveyed households.The Norwegian Research Council through the 4CImpacts projectM-IE

Household determinants of cooking fuel use and motivation to adopt LPG : the case of the Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

In Sub-Saharan Africa, 70-90% of the energy supply for cooking, lighting, and heating is primarily sourced from biomass. The use of biomass, therefore, represents about 82% of the total energy consumed in the sub-region. However, the adverse impacts of household air pollution (HAP) associated with the over-reliance on traditional solid fuels contribute to global black carbon which is the second most contributing gas to climate change. In Tanzania, women, and children lose precious time for income-producing activities and education because they must gather fuel or spend time cooking with these slow, inefficient, traditional solid fuels. In addition, the pollution associated with the indoor burning of solid fuels (in traditional cookstoves) mostly under poorly ventilated conditions, causes the loss of about 33,024 lives annually. The widespread uptake of clean fuels is, therefore, necessary to improve health and reduce HAP. In this quantitative study, a cross-sectional design was adopted to obtain household information from purposively sampled Wards in the Kinondoni Municipality of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (n=477). Three main results are reported in this study. First, the energy use pattern in all the surveyed households followed the multiple fuel use hypothesis, and households use multiple fuels (LPG, charcoal, kerosene, firewood, and electricity) for different cooking purposes. Secondly, household income, size, residential location, households’ connection to electricity, degree of buying, and unavailability of fuel highly correlate with the choice of cooking energy. Lastly, household income, fuel unavailability, frequency of refilling, the number of household inhabitants, and a household’s connection to electricity are good predictors for the choice of PAYG LPG among the surveyed households

Understanding climate services for enhancing resilient agricultural systems in Anglophone West Africa: The case of Ghana

Whilst the capability of climate services to reduce climate impacts is alluring, empirical evidence on how best to mainstream climate information services in Africa is lacking. This paper determines how climate information services have been incorporated into national policies by Anglophone West African states for building agricultural resilience and provides a detailed analysis of issues facing Ghanaian agricultural systems. The paper addresses the questions: (i) to what extent is climate change recognised as a threat to agricultural development in national climate facing policies of Anglophone West African states? (ii) to what extent have climate information services been incorporated into national and regional policy frameworks of Anglophone West African states for resilient agricultural systems? (iii) what are the key challenges in mainstreaming climate information services into national policies for resilient agricultural building in Ghana? The study employed thematic content analysis, multi-stakeholder workshops and expert interviews to understand climate discourses around climate services. Findings show that climate change is highlighted in national and regional level policies as a serious threat to socioeconomic development and agricultural productivity in West Africa. Anglophone West Africa countries are at various stages in establishing a National Framework for Climate Services to help guide future adaptation planning. This study shows that Anglophone West African states have not yet incorporated climate information services into strategic national and regional climate facing policies that are critical in shaping efforts aimed at managing climate risks. For the case of Ghana, the study reveals low awareness of climate change among policy-makers, human and institutional capacity constraints as some of the key factors militating against the mainstreaming of climate information services. Capacity building of policy makers and institutional strengthening are both vital for more effective mainstreaming of climate services across West Africa