1,319 research outputs found
The Ups and Downs of Cyclic Universes
We investigate homogeneous and isotropic oscillating cosmologies with
multiple fluid components. Transfer of energy between these fluids is included
in order to model the effects of non-equilibrium behavior on closed universes.
We find exact solutions which display a range of new behaviors for the
expansion scale factor. Detailed examples are studied for the exchange of
energy from dust or scalar field into radiation. We show that, contrary to
expectation, it is unlikely that such models can offer a physically viable
solution to the flatness problem.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Decaying Gravity
We consider the possibility of energy being exchanged between the scalar and
matter fields in scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Such an exchange provides a
new mechanism which can drive variations in the gravitational 'constant' G. We
find exact solutions for the evolution of spatially flat
Friedman-Roberston-Walker cosmologies in this scenario and discuss their
behaviour at both early and late times. We also consider the physical
consequences and observational constraints on these models.Comment: 13 page
The Existence of Godel, Einstein and de Sitter Universes
We determine the general conditions for the existence of Godel, Einstein
static, and de Sitter universes in gravity theories derived from a Lagrangian
that is an arbitrary function of the scalar curvature and Ricci and Riemann
curvature invariants. Explicit expressions for the solutions are found in terms
of the parameters defining the Lagrangian. We also determine the conditions on
the Lagrangian of the theory under which time-travel is allowed in the Godel
universes.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
Perspectives on innovation within medium-sized firms in Wales
The Welsh economy is heading towards a post-Brexit future with historically lower levels of productivity continuing to leave the country lagging behind the UK average (Huggins and Williams, 2011; Welsh Government, 2017). An understanding of how new models of innovation are constructed and developed are then particularly important for policy makers and academia in Wales. As noted by Baughan (2015), innovation accounts for 25-50% of labour productivity growth
Orthographic reform in Kope
From the introduction: In this paper, we will examine how local attitudes played a role in orthographic reform in Kope. In section 2 the previous orthographic tradition is outlined. Then in sections 3 and 4 we examine areas of apparent concern where local feelings pointed to new understanding of the phonological system and no change was made. Finally, in sections 5 and 6 we examine areas in which a genuine case for reform could be made and changes resulted
Do the Talysh and Tat languages have a future in Azerbaijan?
Tat and Talysh are two less-widely-used Iranian languages indigenous to Azerbaijan. Sociolinguistic research revealed that both languages are being displaced in some communities but coexist with Azerbaijani in others. Factors contributing to these differences include isolation, ethnic diversity, and economic opportunity. One other factor contributing to displacement is a desire to see children excel in school. This could well be the most important factor breaking transmission from one generation to the next. In light of this, it is important to document the language and culture while they are vital
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