Ground Systems Development Environment (GSDE) interface requirements and prototyping plan

This report describes the data collection and requirements analysis effort of the Ground System Development Environment (GSDE) Interface Requirements study. It identifies potential problems in the interfaces among applications and processors in the heterogeneous systems that comprises the GSDE. It describes possible strategies for addressing those problems. It also identifies areas for further research and prototyping to demonstrate the capabilities and feasibility of those strategies and defines a plan for building the necessary software prototypes

Comparable Worth in a General Equilibrium Model of the U.S. Economy

This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model that simulates the effects on employment, output, wages, and economic efficiency of introducing comparable worth into the U.S. economy. The model calculates economy-wide aggregate impacts and disaggregated results for individuals grouped by sex, marital status, and education. The effects depend on the hiring rules that would accompany comparable worth, the source of existing male-female wage differentials, the extent of coverage of comparable worth, the intra-household behavior of married couples, and demand and supply elasticities. If, after comparable worth is introduced, employers are constrained to employ men and women in historical proportions, the adverse effects on aggregate employment, output, and efficiency would be much larger than if the employment constraint is based on applicant proportions. If existing wage gaps are the result of sex differences in productivity, the adverse of facts of comparable worth are relatively large; but if they are the result of discrimination, the efficiency losses are much smaller. If only part of the economy is subject to comparable worth, the efficiency loss is reduced under the productivity gap assumption, but increased if the wage gap is the result of discrimination. The redistributive effects of comparable worth on married men and women are sensitive to assumptions about intra-household behavior and the size of the gains from marriage. By contrast, unmarried women appear to benefit from comparable worth under most sets of assumptions while unmarried men lose.

Real-time segmentation of the temporal evolution of musical sounds

Since the studies of Helmholtz, it has been known that the temporal evolution of musical sounds plays an important role in our perception of timbre. The accurate temporal segmentation of musical sounds into regions with distinct characteristics is therefore of interest to researchers in the field of timbre perception as well as to those working with different forms of sound modelling and manipulation. Following recent work by Hajda (1996), Peeters (2004) and Caetano et al (2010), this paper presents a new method for the automatic segmentation of the temporal evolution of isolated musical sounds in real-time. We define attack, sustain and release segments using cues from a combination of the amplitude envelope, the spectro- temporal evolution and a measurement of the stability of the sound that is derived from the onset detection function. We conclude with an evaluation of the method

Python for audio signal processing

This paper discusses the use of Python for developing audio signal processing applications. Overviews of Python language, NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib are given, which together form a powerful platform for scientic computing. We then show how SciPy was used to create two audio programming libraries, and describe ways that Python can be integrated with the SndObj library and Pure Data, two existing environments for music composition and signal processing

Python for audio signal processing

This paper discusses the use of Python for developing audio signal processing applications. Overviews of Python language, NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib are given, which together form a powerful platform for scientic computing. We then show how SciPy was used to create two audio programming libraries, and describe ways that Python can be integrated with the SndObj library and Pure Data, two existing environments for music composition and signal processing

SIMPL: A Python Library for Sinusoidal Modelling

This paper introduces Simpl, a new open source library for sinusoidal modelling written in Python. The library is presented as a resource for researchers in spectral signal processing, who might like to access existing methods and techniques. The text provides an overview of the design of the library, describing its data abstractions and integration with other systems. This is complemented by some brief examples exploring the functionality of the library

Metamorph: Real-Time High-Level Sound Transformations Based On A Sinusoids Plus Noise Plus Transients Model

Spectral models provide ways to manipulate musical audio signals that can be both powerful and intuitive, but high-level control is often required in order to provide flexible real-time control over the potentially large parameter set. This paper introduces Metamorph, a new open source library for high-level sound transformation. We describe the real-time sinusoids plus noise plus transients model that is used by Metamorph and explain the opportunities that it provides for sound manipulation

Real-Time Detection of Musical Onsets with Linear Prediction and Sinusoidal Modelling

Real-time musical note onset detection plays a vital role in many audio analysis processes, such as score following, beat detection and various sound synthesis by analysis methods. This paper provides a review of some of the most commonly used techniques for real-time onset detection. We suggest ways to improve these techniques by incorporating linear prediction, as well as presenting a novel algorithm for real-time onset detection using sinusoidal modelling. We provide comprehensive results for both the detection accuracy and the computational performance of all of the described techniques, evaluated using Modal, our new open source library for musical onset detection, which comes with a free database of samples with hand-labelled note onsets

Bodianus atrolumbus (Valenciennes 1839), a valid species of labrid fish from the southwest Indian Ocean

Bodianus atrolumbus (Valenciennes 1839), a labrid fish of the southwest Indian Ocean (type locality Mauritius), was placed in the synonymy of B. perditio (Quoy & Gaimard), antitropical in the Pacific Ocean (type locality Tonga), by Smith (1949) who reported the first record for southern Africa. Juveniles of both species are mostly the same in color, featuring a white bar in the middle of the body, followed dorsally by a large black area. The white bar develops into an oval yellow area dorsally on the body in B. perditio, whereas it narrows to a spindle-shaped whitish to pink mark on the upper body that extends below the lateral line in B. atrolumbus. An analysis of the mitochondrial DNA barcode sequence (COI) from specimens collected from all quadrants of the the species’ range reveals that the two species are 3.91% different (K2P minimum interspecific distance), while intraspecific variation is no more than 0.34%. A phenetic tree of barcode sequences for twenty Bodianus species is presented, showing that pairwise species differences range from 1.97% to 21.74%, with Indian/Pacific sibling-species pairs accounting for the lower range of divergences (1.97% to 4.64%). A modal difference in the count of gill rakers and the distinctly shorter pectoral fins of B. atrolumbus additionally differentiate it from B. perditio