Moth Species New to Michigan

This is a compilation of moth species previously unrecorded from Michigan. Moore\u27s (1955) publication has been critically examined necessitating some specific changes. All questionable material has been determined by present day specialists in their particular fields. The McDunnough (1938) checklist is followed in the arrangement of the new data together with most of the recent changes in nomenclature as presented by Forbes (1948, 1954, 1960), Hardwick (1970), Hodges (1971), and Covell (1970, 1971). With the advent of more sophisticated collecting equipment and the easier access to Michigan\u27s Upper Peninsula a total of 154 species has been added. Many institutional and private collections have been examined including the large collection at Michigan State University which was not considered in the Moore publication

Personal Jurisdiction and Choice of Law in the Cloud

Cloud computing has revolutionized how society interacts with, and via, technology. Though some early detractors criticized the cloud as being nothing more than an empty industry buzzword, we contend that by dovetailing communications and calculating processes for the first time in history, cloud computing is--both practically and legally-a shift in prevailing paradigms. As a practical matter, the cloud brings with it a previously undreamt-of sense of location independence for both suppliers and consumers. And legally, the shift toward deploying computing ability as a service, rather than as a product, represents an evolution to a contractual foundation for interacting. Already, substantive cloud-based disputes have erupted in a variety of legal fields, including personal privacy, intellectual property, and antitrust, to name a few. Yet before courts can confront such issues, they must first address the two fundamental procedural questions of a lawsuit that form the bases of this Article-whether any law applies in the cloud, and, if so, which law ought to apply. Drawing upon novel analyses of analogous Internet jurisprudence, as well as concepts borrowed from disciplines ranging from economics to anthropology, this Article seeks to supply answers to these questions. To do so, we first identify a set of normative goals that jurisdictional and choice-of-law methodologies ought to achieve in the unique context of cloud computing. With these goals in mind, we then lay out structured analytical guidelines and suggested policy reforms to guide the continued development of jurisdiction and choice of law in the cloud

L2L: a simple tool for discovering the hidden significance in microarray expression data

L2L is a database consisting of lists of differentially expressed genes compiled from published mammalian microarray studies, along with an easy-to-use application for mining the database with the user's own microarray data. As illustrated by re-analysis of a recent study of diabetic nephropathy, L2L identifies novel biological patterns in microarray data, providing insights into the underlying nature of biological processes and disease. L2L is available online at the authors' website []

Linking urban design to sustainability : formal indicators of social urban sustainability field research in Perth, Western Australia

The making of a livable urban community is a complex endeavor. For much of the 20th Century plannersand engineers believed that modern and rational decision-making would create successful cities. Today, political leaders across the globe are considering ways to promote sustainable development and the concepts of New Urbanism are making their way from the drawing board to the ground. While much has changed in the world, the creation of a successful street is as much of an art today as it was in the 1960s.Our work seeks to investigate 'street life' in cities as a crucial factor towards community success. What arethe components of the neighborhood and street form that contributes to the richness of street life? To answer this question we rely on the literature. The aim of the Formal Indicators of Social Urban Sustainability studyis to measure the formal components of a neighborhood and street that theorists have stated important in promoting sustainability. This paper will describe how this concept helps to bridge urban design and sustainability. It will describe the tool and show how this was applied in a comparative assessment of Joondalup and Fremantle, two urban centers in the Perth metropolitan area

Novel Approach to Identify Optimal Metabotypes of Elongase and Desaturase Activities in Prevention of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Both metabolomic and genomic approaches are valuable for risk analysis, however typical approaches evaluating differences in means do not model the changes well. Gene polymorphisms that alter function would appear as distinct populations, or metabotypes, from the predominant one, in which case risk is revealed as changed mixing proportions between control and case samples. Here we validate a model accounting for mixed populations using biomarkers of fatty acid metabolism derived from a case/control study of acute coronary syndrome subjects in which both metabolomic and genomic approaches have been used previously. We first used simulated data to show improved power and sensitivity in the approach compared to classic approaches. We then used the metabolic biomarkers to test for evidence of distinct metabotypes and different proportions among cases and controls. In simulation, our model outperformed all other approaches including Mann-Whitney, t-tests, and χ2. Using real data, we found distinct metabotypes of six of the seven activities tested, and different mixing proportions in five of the six activity biomarkers: D9D, ELOVL6, ELOVL5, FADS1, and Sprecher pathway chain shortening (SCS). High activity metabotypes of non-essential fatty acids and SCS decreased odds for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), however high activity metabotypes of 20-carbon fatty acid synthesis increased odds. Our study validates an approach that accounts for both metabolomic and genomic theory by demonstrating improved sensitivity and specificity, better performance in real world data, and more straightforward interpretability

The effect of impurity gasses on variable polarity plasma arc welded 2219 aluminum

Variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding has been used with considerable success by NASA for the welds on the Space Shuttle External Tank as well as by others concerned with high quality welded structures. The effects of gaseous contaminants on the appearance of VPPA welds on 2219 aluminum are examined so that a welder can recognize that such contamination is present and take corrective measures. There are many possible sources of such contamination including, contaminated gas bottles, leaks in the gas plumbing, inadequate shield gas flow, condensed moisture in the gas lines or torch body, or excessive contaminants on the workpiece. The gasses chosen for study in the program were nitrogen, oxygen, methane, and hydrogen. Welds were made in a carefully controlled environment and comparisons were made between welds with various levels of these contaminants and welds made with research purity (99.9999 percent) gasses. Photographs of the weld front and backside as well as polished and etched cross sections are presented

Direct Kerr-frequency-comb atomic spectroscopy

Microresonator-based soliton frequency combs - microcombs - have recently emerged to offer low-noise, photonic-chip sources for optical measurements. Owing to nonlinear-optical physics, microcombs can be built with various materials and tuned or stabilized with a consistent framework. Some applications require phase stabilization, including optical-frequency synthesis and measurements, optical-frequency division, and optical clocks. Partially stabilized microcombs can also benefit applications, such as oscillators, ranging, dual-comb spectroscopy, wavelength calibration, and optical communications. Broad optical bandwidth, brightness, coherence, and frequency stability have made frequency-comb sources important for studying comb-matter interactions with atoms and molecules. Here, we explore direct microcomb atomic spectroscopy, utilizing a cascaded, two-photon 1529-nm atomic transition of rubidium. Both the microcomb and the atomic vapor are implemented with planar fabrication techniques to support integration. By fine and simultaneous control of the repetition rate and carrier-envelope-offset frequency of the soliton microcomb, we obtain direct sub-Doppler and hyperfine spectroscopy of the $4^2D_{5/2}$ manifold. Moreover, the entire set of microcomb modes are stabilized to this atomic transition, yielding absolute optical-frequency fluctuations of the microcomb at the kilohertz-level over a few seconds and < 1 MHz day-to-day accuracy. Our work demonstrates atomic spectroscopy with microcombs and provides a rubidium-stabilized microcomb laser source, operating across the 1550 nm band for sensing, dimensional metrology, and communication.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

PSXII-19 Urine Metabolomics Analysis Associated with Feed Efficiency on Crossbred Steers during the Growing and Finishing Period on Forage- and Concentrate- Based Diets.

A discovery project to identify non‐invasive biomarkers that can detect subtle metabolic discrepancies for cattle feed efficiency was performed using untargeted and targeted urine metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Individual feed intake and body weight gain were measured in crossbred steers (n = 80) on a forage-based growing ration (stage-1) followed by a high-concentrate diet finishing ration (stage- 2). Urine was collected on study days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 83 for each dietary stage. In total, 28 steers with the greatest and the least average daily-gain (ADG) within 0.32 SD of the mean of dry-matter-intake (DMI) were used. A principal component analysis of the untargeted metabolites fully segregated the highest-ADG and lowest-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages). The urinary untargeted metabolites that segregated the ADG-groups (n = 199; P \u3c 0.05), included steroid-hormones, bile-acids, alpha-linolenic acid metabolites, vitamin-B6, along with products of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (metabolic pathway analysis: impact-value \u3e 0.50; FDR \u3c 0.10). Bile acids and steroids were then quantified in urine and their associations with animal performance and carcass composition evaluated by correlation and multiple logistic regression AUC-ROC curve analyses. In stage-1, urine concentration of cortisone was associated (P \u3c 0.05) with ADG (r = -0.28), DMI (r = -0.40) and ribeye-area (r = -0.28); cortisol was associated with DMI (r = -0.32; P \u3c 0.01) and testosterone was associated with ADG (r = -0.28; P \u3c 0.01). The urine concentrations of 18 measured bile acids were negatively associated (P \u3c 0.05) with DMI, and secondary bile acids were negatively associated (P \u3c 0.01) with marbling and hot-carcass-weight. In stage-2, negative association between the bile acids glycocholic acid and deoxycholic acid with marbling and hot-carcass-weight were identified. Urine metabolomics provide new insight into the physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers of cattle feed efficiency. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Quantum fingerprinting

Classical fingerprinting associates with each string a shorter string (its fingerprint), such that, with high probability, any two distinct strings can be distinguished by comparing their fingerprints alone. The fingerprints can be exponentially smaller than the original strings if the parties preparing the fingerprints share a random key, but not if they only have access to uncorrelated random sources. In this paper we show that fingerprints consisting of quantum information can be made exponentially smaller than the original strings without any correlations or entanglement between the parties: we give a scheme where the quantum fingerprints are exponentially shorter than the original strings and we give a test that distinguishes any two unknown quantum fingerprints with high probability. Our scheme implies an exponential quantum/classical gap for the equality problem in the simultaneous message passing model of communication complexity. We optimize several aspects of our scheme.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, one figur