A Life in the Craft of Comparative Law

It is obvious to specialists in the law of the European Union ( E.U. ) - a relatively small but steadily growing group in the United States - that a retrospective collection of Eric Stein\u27s writings would be of great interest. From his 1955 article in the Columbia Law Review, the first article about the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community to appear in English (p. 473), he has been one of the dominant U.S. scholars of what was initially called European Community ( E.C. ) law after the three original European Communities2 and more recently has been rechristened European Union law after the creation of the E.U. around and on top ofl the original Communities in the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. But this book, which won the 2001 University of Michigan Press Book Award, deserves a much wider readership. It is a fine collection of the craft of comparative law, covering much more than E.U. law, and it also has a very personal aspect that makes it a rich memento of the author and many of the people with whom he has worked. It may be foolhardy to write a review of a book that comes with a built-in review, so to speak, and one that says with great acumen most of the really important things that should be said about Stein\u27s work. Joseph Weiler, another distinguished E.U. scholar and former colleague of Stein\u27s, has written a Foreword (p. ix) with his customary exuberance and insight that neatly exposes the deepest values of Stein\u27s work with an inimitable and compelling style. Yet, while warmly commending Weiler\u27s Foreword to the reader, I will venture another review, but from a slightly different angle. After a brief overview of the book and its special personal elements, I will focus on some specific aspects of Stein\u27s comparative law craftsmanship and conclude by discussing two of the general issues about divided-powers systems that are raised by the materials in the book

International Collaboration for Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory

An international collaboration on Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) simulation is being formed to make recommendations on how to best simulate the GCR spectrum at ground based accelerators. The external GCR spectrum is significantly modified when it passes through spacecraft shielding and astronauts. One approach for simulating the GCR space radiation environment at ground based accelerators would use the modified spectrum, rather than the external spectrum, in the accelerator beams impinging on biological targets. Two recent workshops have studied such GCR simulation. The first workshop was held at NASA Langley Research Center in October 2014. The second workshop was held at the NASA Space Radiation Investigators' workshop in Galveston, Texas in January 2015. The anticipated outcome of these and other studies may be a report or journal article, written by an international collaboration, making accelerator beam recommendations for GCR simulation. This poster describes the status of GCR simulation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory and encourages others to join the collaboration

On the exact electric and magnetic fields of an electric dipole

We derive from Jefimenko's equations a multipole expansion in order to obtain the exact expressions for the electric and magnetic fields of an electric dipole with an arbitrary time dependence. A few comments are also made about the usual expositions found in most common undergraduate and graduate textbooks as well as in the literature on this topic

Port-access coronary artery bypass grafting: A proposed surgical method

AbstractMinimally invasive surgical methods have been developed to provide patients the benefits of open operations with decreased pain and suffering. We have developed a system that allows the performance of cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial protection with cardioplegic arrest without sternotomy or thoracotomy. In a canine model, we successfully used this system to anastomose the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery in nine of 10 animals. The left internal thoracic artery was dissected from the chest wall, and the pericardium was opened with the use of thoracoscopic techniques and single lung ventilation. The heart was arrested with a cold blood cardioplegic solution delivered through the central lumen of a balloon occlusion catheter (Endoaortic Clamp; Heartport, Inc., Redwood City, Calif.) in the ascending aorta, and cardiopulmonary bypass was maintained with femorofemoral bypass. An operating microscope modified to allow introduction of the 3.5× magnification objective into the chest was positioned through a 10 mm port over the site of the anastomosis. The anastomosis was performed with modified surgical instruments introduced through additional 5 mm ports. In the cadaver model (n = 7) the internal thoracic artery was harvested and the pericardium opened by means of similar techniques. A precise arteriotomy was made with microvascular thoracoscopic instruments under the modified microscope on four cadavers. In three other cadavers we assessed the exposure provided by a small anterior incision (4 to 6 cm) over the fourth intercostal space. This anterior port can assist in dissection of the distal internal thoracic artery and provides direct access to the left anterior descending, circumflex, and posterior descending arteries. We have demonstrated the potential feasibility of grafting the internal thoracic artery to coronary arteries with the heart arrested and protected, without a major thoracotomy or sternotomy. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1996;111:567-73

Reflections

The American Society of International Law Committee recommended that the Manley 0. Hudson Medal be awarded to Professor Eric Stein for his lifetime of significant contributions to international and comparative law. Stein, the Hessel E. Yntema Professor of Law, Emeritus, at the University of Michigan Law School, had been an active supporter of ASIL as Honorary Vice President, Counsellor, and Honorary Editor of, and frequent contributor to, the American Journal of International Law. His many books and articles established him as a leading thinker and writer on European Community law and on what he described in a famous article as the Uses, Misuses, and Nonuses of Comparative Law