Patient characteristics.

<p>Data are given as Mean ±SD or n (%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>Patient characteristics.</p

Likelihood of a physician referral to a nephrologist by renal diagnosis.

<p>Likelihood of a physician referral to a nephrologist by renal diagnosis.</p

Specialty of physicians referring patients to Greek National Health System Outpatient Nephrology Clinics.

<p>The number of patients (N = 948) in this table differs from the total number of patients in the study (N = 1501), because N = 1501–948 = 553 patients were self-referrals. Data are given as n(%).</p><p>Specialty of physicians referring patients to Greek National Health System Outpatient Nephrology Clinics.</p

Distribution of stages of CKD in PRESTAR according to different estimating equations, CKD-Epi, MDRD, Cockroft Gault (CG), CG normalized to Body Surface Area (CGBSA).

<p>Distribution of stages of CKD in PRESTAR according to different estimating equations, CKD-Epi, MDRD, Cockroft Gault (CG), CG normalized to Body Surface Area (CGBSA).</p

Center wise variations in patient demographics, blood pressure, renal function, diabetes and percentage of referred patients (Could number of patients in each center be added as a footnote?).

<p>Center wise variations in patient demographics, blood pressure, renal function, diabetes and percentage of referred patients (Could number of patients in each center be added as a footnote?).</p

Renal function (eGFR by CKD-Epi in ml/min/1.73 m²) according to presence or absence of renal diagnosis.

<p>Renal function (eGFR by CKD-Epi in ml/min/1.73 m²) according to presence or absence of renal diagnosis.</p

Adjusted odds of a patient having been referred to a nephrologist by a specialist in relation to serum creatinine (A) and eGFR (CKD-Epi), (B) during the study visit.

<p>Models were adjusted for age, gender, race, presence of diabetic renal disease, center, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and time the patient had been under nephrology care. Solid black line: estimated adjusted odds ratio, dashed black lines: associated pointwise 95% confidence internal, gray horizontal line: corresponds to an odds ratio of one.</p

A Core Outcome Set for Trials in Glomerular Disease

Background and objectives Outcomes reported in trials in adults with glomerular disease are often selected with minimal patient input, are heterogeneous, and may not be relevant for clinical decision making. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology–Glomerular Disease (SONG-GD) initiative aimed to establish a core outcome set to help ensure that outcomes of critical importance to patients, care partners, and clinicians are consistently reported.Design, setting, participants, and measurements We convened two 1.5-hour workshops in Melbourne, Australia, and Washington, DC, United States. Attendees were identified purposively with 50 patients/care partners and 88 health professionals from 19 countries; 51% were female. Patients and care partners were from the United States, Australia, and Canada, and had experience of a glomerular disease with systemic features (n=9), kidney-limited nephrotic disease (n=9), or other kidney-limited glomerular disease (n=8). Attendees reviewed the results of the SONG-GD Delphi survey and aims of the workshop and then discussed potential core outcomes and their implementation in trials among moderated breakout groups of eight to 12 people from diverse backgrounds. Transcripts of discussions were analyzed thematically.Results Three themes were identified that supported the proposed core outcomes: limiting disease progression, stability and control, and ensuring universal relevance (i.e., applicable across diverse populations and settings). The fourth theme, preparedness for implementation, included engaging with funders and regulators, establishing reliable and validated measures, and leveraging existing endorsements for patient-reported outcomes.Conclusions Workshop themes demonstrated support for kidney function, disease activity, death, life participation, and cardiovascular disease, and these were established as the core outcomes for trials in adults with glomerular disease. Future work is needed to establish the core measures for each domain, with funders and regulators central to the uptake of the core outcome set in trials.</div