Interjurisdictional Certification and Choice of Law

There is a story, probably apocryphal, that, at a 1970s conference discussing the great potential and even greater problems of some economically developing countries, a rather cynical American economist is supposed to have remarked that Brazil is the country of the future-and always will be. Some commentators believe that much the same could be said about the certification process, but with greater accuracy. Certification has beguiled and to some extent disappointed two generations of legal scholars.\u27 Intended to resolve problems that arise when a court of one jurisdiction must apply the law of another jurisdiction, certification is the process by which the first court may inquire of a court in the jurisdiction whose law is at issue for help in determining what the law is. The certification process is inherently attractive be-cause it eliminates the need for a court either to guess at another jurisdiction\u27s uncertain law or to refrain altogether from trying to apply that law. The difficulty that certification can ease typically arises in one of two situations. The first situation occurs when a federal court, for whatever reason, must identify and apply the substantive law of a state.Federal courts hearing diversity cases are the most likely to inquire into state law, but the problem can also arise when a federal court\u27s subject-matter jurisdiction is based on the presence of a federal question. The second situation occurs when a state court\u27s own conflict-of-laws rules direct it to apply the law of another state

Shigella sonnei oligosaccharide-protein conjugates

AbstractSynthetic oligosaccharides composed of several repeats of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP), bound by their reducing ends to a carrier protein (“sun” type configuration), induced in mice significantly higher antibody levels than conjugates of the native O-SP (“lattice” type configuration). Here we present isolation and characterization of low molecular mass oligosaccharides of Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharides and their conjugation to several carrier proteins. Conjugates were formed by oxime linkages between the terminal Kdo residues of the reducing ends of the saccharides and aminooxy linkers bound to the protein. IgG antibody levels induced in young outbread mice by these conjugates were significantly higher than those prepared with the full length native O-SP. We propose clinical evaluation of the new S. sonnei conjugates

Acceleration and Substructure Constraints in a Quasar Outflow

We present observations of probable line-of-sight acceleration of a broad absorption trough of C IV in the quasar SDSS J024221.87+004912.6. We also discuss how the velocity overlap of two other outflowing systems in the same object constrains the properties of the outflows. The Si IV doublet in each system has one unblended transition and one transition which overlaps with absorption from the other system. The residual flux in the overlapping trough is well fit by the product of the residual fluxes in the unblended troughs. For these optically thick systems to yield such a result, at least one of them must consist of individual subunits rather than being a single structure with velocity-dependent coverage of the source. If these subunits are identical, opaque, spherical clouds, we estimate the cloud radius to be r = 3.9 10^15 cm. If they are identical, opaque, linear filaments, we estimate their width to be w = 6.5 10^14 cm. These subunits are observed to cover the Mg II broad emission line region of the quasar, at which distance from the black hole the above filament width is equal to the predicted scale height of the outer atmosphere of a thin accretion disk. Insofar as that scale height is a natural size scale for structures originating in an accretion disk, these observations are evidence that the accretion disk can be a source of quasar absorption systems. Based on data from ESO program 075.B-0190(A).Comment: 14 emulateapj pages, 7 figures, ApJ in pres

AVIAN SPECIATION IN THE PANTEPUI: THE CASE OF THE RORAIMAN ANTBIRD (PERCNOSTOLA [SCHISTOCICHLA] ‘‘LEUCOSTIGMA’’ SATURATA)

This is the published version. Copyright Central Ornithology Publication OfficeWe document the first records for Guyana of Roraiman Antbird (Percnostola [Schistocichla] “leucostigma” saturata), an endemic of the tepui highlands of southeastern Venezuela, northern Brazil and western Guyana. This form is well differentiated from nominate leucostigma (Spot-winged Antbird) of the Guianan lowlands in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics, and replaces it both altitudinally and ecologically. The two taxa are distributed parapatrically on the continuously forested northeastern slopes of the eastern tepuis, and they almost certainly come into contact, yet there is no evidence of intermediacy. We recommend that saturata be treated as a distinct species of Percnostola, and consider its' origin in the light of various models of speciation in the tepuis

The Ursinus Weekly, October 29, 1962

Founders Day affair Sunday features theologian McCord • Student concert series opens in Philadelphia • Cub and Key men meet at Millers • Juniors plan turnabout dance • Pi Nu welcomes seven new pledges • Improved Main Street is becoming auto speedway • Saturday\u27s Innkeepers concert delights and enchants audience • Pre-medicals hear Hudock lecture on electrocardiograph • Foreign students speak at recent reception • Young GOP meeting scheduled for Tuesday • Tense Cuban situation draws profs\u27 comments • UC represented at WAC program • Library display depicts internationality of UC • The Rail will open soon • Chamberlin will speak next week in Y program • Editorial: An alarming issue; Campus post office sets new hours • Conclusion of Dr. Miller\u27s talk on India in recent Forum program • Renovations in off-campus dorms praised by long-suffering women • Coed continues social work tale of reform school • The Weekly interviews three more foreign students • Soccermen succumb to Swarthmore, St. Joe\u27s in consecutive matches • UC suffers football defeat in Wagner heartbreaker 14-8 • Player of the week: Doubly dangerous is Degenhardt • Next week\u27s opponent: Haverford • Unbeaten Curtis I first in league • Greek gleaningshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1279/thumbnail.jp

Book Reviews

Professor Husband\u27s book deals with two problems, the date of the trial and crucifixion of Jesus, and the legal aspects of the proceedings against him. In both divisions of the subject his conclusions are novel and are supported by able argumentation

The Ursinus Weekly, February 18, 1963

Huge turnout attends Lorelei held Friday night at Sunnybrook • Ursinus recipient of $4,000 DuPont grant • PSEA hears talk on punishment • Blood circulation in bats topic of pre-med lecture • VP Wagner attends seminary convocation • UC delegation leaves for Washington to present Mrs. Kennedy with special recording of Messiah • Bloodmobile visit slated Wednesday • Communism topic of Forum speaker • Course in Esperanto to be offered by Rice • Annual Color Day set for Thursday • Noted theologian to discuss existentialism on Wednesday • Organ concert set for Thursday • Ineligibility claims 105 students; Dr. Fletcher analyzes reasons • Career conference held with representatives of various businesses • Alumni pledge$400,000 to fund • Noyes & Day elected to WSGA & WAA posts • Editorial: They\u27ve done the impossible; Unsensational apology • Letters to the editor • Model railroading hobby of Dr. Rice • Goldman\u27s novel Temple of gold traces disillusionment of personality • Losses to Delaware, PMC, and Swarthmore spell dismal Winter week for hurting Ursinus cagers • Netwomen suffer 46-44 upset at East Stroudsburg • Intramural story • Matmen succumb to Delaware 17-13, wrest 19-8 victory from Hopkinshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1287/thumbnail.jp

Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance: Distribution of Increased Mass Loss with Climate Warming; 2003-07 Versus 1992-2002

We derive mass changes of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) for 2003-07 from ICESat laser altimetry and compare them with results for 1992-2002 from ERS radar and airborne laser altimetry. The GIS continued to grow inland and thin at the margins during 2003 07, but surface melting and accelerated flow significantly increased the marginal thinning compared with the 1990s. The net balance changed from a small loss of 7 plus or minus 3 Gt a 1(sup -1) in the 1990s to 171 plus or minus 4 Gt a (sup -1) for 2003-07, contributing 0.5 mm a(sup -1) to recent global sea-level rise. We divide the derived mass changes into two components: (1) from changes in melting and ice dynamics and (2) from changes in precipitation and accumulation rate. We use our firn compaction model to calculate the elevation changes driven by changes in both temperature and accumulation rate and to calculate the appropriate density to convert the accumulation-driven changes to mass changes. Increased losses from melting and ice dynamics (17-206 Gt a(sup-1) are over seven times larger than increased gains from precipitation (10 35 Gt a(sup-1) during a warming period of approximately 2 K (10 a)(sup -1) over the GIS. Above 2000m elevation, the rate of gain decreased from 44 to 28 Gt a(sup-1), while below 2000m the rate of loss increased from 51 to 198 Gt a(sup-1). Enhanced thinning below the equilibrium line on outlet glaciers indicates that increased melting has a significant impact on outlet glaciers, as well as accelerating ice flow. Increased thinning at higher elevations appears to be induced by dynamic coupling to thinning at the margins on decadal timescales