Approaches to estimating illnesses, complications, and deaths due to conditions with (panel A) and without (panel B) syndrome “envelopes.”

<p>Approaches to estimating illnesses, complications, and deaths due to conditions with (panel A) and without (panel B) syndrome “envelopes.”</p

Key challenges and potential solutions for improving global burden of disease estimates for febrile illnesses.

<p>Key challenges and potential solutions for improving global burden of disease estimates for febrile illnesses.</p

Summary of eligible diagnostic tests and confirmed cases found according to region and age in all eligible studies, 1980–2013.

<p>* <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was tested by both blood culture and urine antigen testing, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>† Non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> and Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> were not consistently described to species level, thus total reported number for each group was greater than sum of species. <i>Brucella</i> spp was tested by both blood culture and serological methods, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>‡ Yeasts (<i>Cryptococcus</i> spp, <i>Histoplasma</i> spp) were tested by both blood culture and antigen testing, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>** <i>Rickettsia</i> spp were not consistently described to species level, one study from South East Asia testing for typhus group rickettsiosis reported 11 unspecified <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. were identifie</p><p>Summary of eligible diagnostic tests and confirmed cases found according to region and age in all eligible studies, 1980–2013.</p

Etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries systematic review search terms.

<p><b>*</b> Truncated term used.</p><p>Etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries systematic review search terms.</p

Febrile illness etiology study locations by United Nations population division regions in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.

<p>Febrile illness etiology study locations by United Nations population division regions in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.</p

Summary of 45 eligible studies of etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.

<p>*NAAT–Nucleic acid amplification test</p><p>*spp.—species</p><p>Summary of 45 eligible studies of etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.</p

Case definitions for infections sought in systematic review of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries.

<p>NAAT = Nucleic acid amplification test; MAT = microagglutination test; IFA = immunofluorescence assay; HAI = haemagglutination inhibition assay.</p><p>Case definitions for infections sought in systematic review of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries.</p

Publications investigating scrub typhus affected specific sub-populations.

<p>Publications investigating scrub typhus affected specific sub-populations.</p

Estimates of incidence and sero-prevalence per country.

<p>Estimates of incidence and sero-prevalence per country.</p

PRISM flow diagrams summarizing the search results.

<p>Panel A, search for scrub typhus epidemiology and health economics from 2000 onwards. Panel B, search for scrub typhus mortality with no date restrictions. Flow diagrams were downloaded from <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/" target="_blank">www.prisma-statement.org</a>.</p