Biosignal-Based Driving Skill Classification Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Maritime Navigation

This work presents a novel approach to detecting stress differences between experts and novices in Situation Awareness (SA) tasks during maritime navigation using one type of wearable sensor, Empatica E4 Wristband. We propose that for a given workload state, the values of biosignal data collected from wearable sensor vary in experts and novices. We describe methods to conduct a designed SA task experiment, and collected the biosignal data on subjects sailing on a 240° view simulator. The biosignal data were analysed by using a machine learning algorithm, a Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed algorithm showed that the biosingal data associated with the experts can be categorized as different from that of the novices, which is in line with the results of NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scores. This study can contribute to the development of a self-training system in maritime navigation in further studies

Measuring the Sea Spray Flux using High-Speed Camera

The sea spray contains water droplets that are produced due to sea waves that collide with the marine structures as well as the breaking of waves due to the strong winds. Similarly, fog and precipitation at sea level may contribute to the phenomenon of sea spray containing water droplets of minuscule sizes. Wind characteristics (speed and direction) also has a direct influence on the speed of water droplets as well their sizes. It has been found that sea spray flux is directly responsible for icing over marine structures, such as offshore oil rigs and ships. Therefore, it is of importance to devise a mechanism to measure sea spray flux with more accuracy. In this work, it is being proposed to capture sea spray flux using a high-speed camera. The study proposes a setup, which allows capturing the spray particles position at a given time. By capturing the images over time, and post processing in Image processing toolbox of MATLAB®, not only the speeds of particles can be determined but also variation in their sizes. This information can then be used to calculate the flux of water in the form of droplets per unit area. The setup will capture the instant value of sea spray flux, however, by repeating the experiment over time, the data can be averaged to estimate the sea spray flux in time. This setup may also be moved to various locations on the sea vessels or marine structures to build a comparison of locations subjected to higher or lower sea spray flux. The given information will reveal useful information regarding the design of marine structures especially, superstructure for ships for their effective operations in cold environments such as Arctic and Antarctic