Simultaneous Kummer congruences and E∞\mathbb{E}_\infty-orientations of KO and tmf

Building on results of M. Ando, M.J. Hopkins and C. Rezk, we show the existence of uncountably many $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-String orientations of real K-theory KO and of topological modular forms tmf, generalizing the $\hat{A}$- (resp. the Witten) genus. Furthermore, the obstruction to lifting an $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-String orientations from KO to tmf is identified with a classical Iwasawa-theoretic condition. The common key to all these results is a precise understanding of the classical Kummer congruences, imposed for all primes simultaneously. This result is of independent arithmetic interest.Comment: final versio

Sustainable development of education: mutual links of technology and pedagogy

Целью работы является сопоставление трендов развития информационно-коммуникационной среды, глобального образовательного пространства и педагогических идей, явно или опосредованно влияющих на применение ИКТ в образовании. Материалом послужили результаты форсайтов и содержание публикаций в интернете, посвященных перспективам устойчивого развития образования в контексте Инчхонской Декларации ЮНЕСКО «Образование 2030». На основе контент-анализа педагогических публикаций установлено, что современное понимание знания апеллирует к его обобществлению и распространению в глобальной сетевой информационной среде, технологический базис которой стремительно развивается. Учебный процесс в обществе обучения рассматривается как распределенный среди отдельных формальных учебных заведений («университетов мира для одного») и сообществом контента кураторов, в функции которого входит поставлять комментарии, обобщать и содействовать новой информации, которая поддерживает неоформальные образовательные потребности различных пользователей глобальной сети. Описана модель связей субъектов информационного образовательного пространства, включающая кроме преподавателей и студентов также кураторов контента. Аргументирована необходимость развития гуманитарного потенциала человека в информационно-коммуникационной среде и формирования в ней креативного класса людей, делящихся своим экзистенциональным опытом, знаниями и мудростью. Сделан вывод, что без межличностного взаимодействия, без присутствия учащихся в сетевом сообществе, развитие потенциала каждого члена общества в роботизированной среде искусственного интеллекта будет ущербным. Поэтому, в развитии аппаратной и программной базы технологий образования необходимо учитывать психолого-педагогические теории коннективизма, социального обучения, множественного интеллекта и других. The purpose of the paper is to compare the development trends of information and communication environment, the global educational space and pedagogical ideas, which directly or indirectly affect the application of ICT in education. The study has been based on the foresight results and the content of the Internet publications on the prospects for sustainable development of education in the context of UNESCO Incheon Declaration for Education 2030. The content analysis of pedagogical publications has demonstrated that the current understanding of knowledge appeals to its socialization and dissemination in the global network environment, whose technological basis is rapidly growing. The educational process in the Learning Society is regarded as a distributed one among some formal education establishments (“universities of the world for one”) and the community of content curators. The function of content curators is to deliver comments, generalize and promote new information that supports learning needs of different global network users. The relation model of the subjects of the informational and educational space has been described. The model includes lecturers and learners as well as the content curators. The necessity of humanitarian potential development in the informational and communicational environment has been argued as well as the development of a creative class of people who share their existential experience, knowledge and wisdom. The development of every society member in the robot-based artificial intelligence environment has been considered to be defective without any interpersonal interaction and learners’ activity in the online community. Thus, the psychological and pedagogical theories of connectionism, social learning, multiple intelligences, and some others are to be recognized in the development of hardware and software base for education technologies

Choosy Grazers and Plant Communities – Interactions between Cattle Breeds and Vegetation in Semi-Natural Pastures

It is well recognized that domesticated and wild ruminant grazers have an important impact on the composition of grassland vegetation, mainly by forage selection, trampling and defaecation. However, little is known on the effects of genetic diversity, for example differences among breeds of cattle. Cattle breeds differ in terms of robustness, growth rate, weight and probably also in movement and forage selection behaviour, which all could impact vegetation composition. Our study therefore aimed at identifying breed-specific differences in forage selection and behaviour and its consequences for vegetation. In a controlled experiment on semi-natural pastures in the Swiss Alps, suckler cows of three cattle breeds (high-yielding Angus×Holstein crossbreeds, dual-purpose Original Braunvieh and slow-growing Highland cattle) grazed a series of adjacent paddocks. Plant species selection of the cattle was quantified by assessing biomass proportions of all plant species in vegetation subplots before and after pasturing. Movement behaviour was monitored using GPS sensors and pedometers. To assess long-term effects of cattle breeds on vegetation, we recorded vegetation composition in 50 paired pastures in mountain areas of Switzerland and in southern Germany, which were either grazed by Highland cattle or a production-oriented cattle breed. Low-productive Highland cattle selected plant species less strictly than the two higher-yielding breeds. They also exerted less physical pressure on the vegetation, because they were substantially lighter, but had relatively large claws. Highland cattle moved less actively, likely because of less selective foraging. These differences showed a strong correlation with differences in pasture vegetation, namely a smaller number of indicator plants for grazing and trampling tolerance on pastures of Highland cattle. Moreover, plant species richness was significantly increased by pasturing with Highland cattle, suggesting a high potential of robust breeds for sustaining or even increasing the diversity of species-rich pastures

Studying sediment transport in mountain rivers by mobile and stationary RFID antennas

River engineeringInnovative field and laboratory instrumentatio

Rapid Miocene Exhumation to the East of the Tauern Window

The Eastern Alps were substantially shaped by northward movement of the Dolomites Indenter and eastward extrusion of the orogenic wedge in front of the indenter. A resulting sinistral wrench zone runs through the western Tauern Window (TW) and continues along the Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg Fault (SEMP) eastward. Low-T thermochronological studies demonstrate rapid Miocene cooling of the TW units from ≥ 350 °C to below ~ 80 °C due to folding and coeval erosion. Thermochronologic ages in the Eastern Tauern Window range between 12 Ma to 22 Ma for the zircon fission track chronometer (partial annealing zone (PAZ) ~ 200 – 350°C, e.g., Tagami et al., 1996) and 5 Ma to 13 Ma for the apatite (U-Th)/He chronometer (partial retention zone (PRZ) ~ 40 – 80°C, Stockli et al., 2000). Ages for the zircon (U-Th)/He and apatite fission track chronometers fall in between. Along the eastern margin of the TW, the extensional Katschberg Fault-System (KFS) decoupled the Gurktal Block (GB) in its hanging wall from folding. The KFS was active between 20 and 17 Ma, in the early Miocene (Scharf et al., 2016). A late reactivation phase is demonstrated by reset or partially reset zircon and apatite fission track ages within the footwall towards the fault, yielding Late Miocene to Pliocene ages (Bertrand et al., 2017). A similar younging trend is observed within the TW towards the Brenner Fault in the western TW. The GB in the hanging wall of the KFS preserves a rapid Cretaceous and Eocene cooling through the zircon fission track PAZ and rapid Oligocene to Miocene cooling through the apatite fission track PAZ (Wölfler et al., 2023). The Niedere Tauern (NT), north of the GB and south of the SEMP line, seem to be structurally closely linked to the TW. They show a similar rapid Miocene cooling history and an intervening Cenozoic structure between the TW and the NT is missing. Published apatite fission track ages range between 14 Ma and 24 Ma (apatite PAZ ~ 60 – 100°C, Wagner et al., 1989). Published apatite (U-Th)/He ages from the southern boundary of the NT range between 6 Ma and 7 Ma, indicating a Late Miocene cooling below ~ 80 °C (Wölfler et al., 2016). Our (U-Th)/He analysis from the interiour of the NT revealed ages of around 20 Ma to 23 Ma (zircon (U-Th)/He), and 11 Ma to 22 Ma (apatite (U-Th)/He). Published apatite fission track ages fall in between and partly overlap with our results. This demonstrates a rapid cooling pulse in the Miocene, exhuming at least the western part of the NT from ≥ 200 °C to below ~ 80 °C. Published AHe ages of ~ 6 Ma along the southern margin of the NT might relate to late Miocene normal faulting along the complex Murtal Fault-System (MFS). A pronounced jump towards older thermochronologic ages in the Seckauer Tauern, east of the Pöls fault and extensional structures along this fault indicate a structural decoupling of the western NT from the Seckauer Tauern. In this contribution, we discuss the linkage between TW and N T and characterize in greater detail the exhumation history along the eastern wrench zone

Measuring streambed morphology using range imaging

River engineeringInnovative field and laboratory instrumentatio

Far-off-resonant wave interaction in one-dimensional photonic crystals with quadratic nonlinearity

We extend a recently developed Hamiltonian formalism for nonlinear wave interaction processes in spatially periodic dielectric structures to the far-off-resonant regime, and investigate numerically the three-wave resonance conditions in a one-dimensional optical medium with $\chi^{(2)}$ nonlinearity. In particular, we demonstrate that the cascading of nonresonant wave interaction processes generates an effective $\chi^{(3)}$ nonlinear response in these systems. We obtain the corresponding coupling coefficients through appropriate normal form transformations that formally lead to the Zakharov equation for spatially periodic optical media.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Sharing information across patient subgroups to draw conclusions from sparse treatment networks

Network meta-analysis (NMA) usually provides estimates of the relative effects with the highest possible precision. However, sparse networks with few available studies and limited direct evidence can arise, threatening the robustness and reliability of NMA estimates. In these cases, the limited amount of available information can hamper the formal evaluation of the underlying NMA assumptions of transitivity and consistency. In addition, NMA estimates from sparse networks are expected to be imprecise and possibly biased as they rely on large sample approximations which are invalid in the absence of sufficient data. We propose a Bayesian framework that allows sharing of information between two networks that pertain to different population subgroups. Specifically, we use the results from a subgroup with a lot of direct evidence (a dense network) to construct informative priors for the relative effects in the target subgroup (a sparse network). This is a two-stage approach where at the first stage we extrapolate the results of the dense network to those expected from the sparse network. This takes place by using a modified hierarchical NMA model where we add a location parameter that shifts the distribution of the relative effects to make them applicable to the target population. At the second stage, these extrapolated results are used as prior information for the sparse network. We illustrate our approach through a motivating example of psychiatric patients. Our approach results in more precise and robust estimates of the relative effects and can adequately inform clinical practice in presence of sparse networks

Comparison of ground-based FTIR and Brewer O3 total column with data from two different IASI algorithms and from OMI and GOME-2 satellite instruments

An intercomparison of ozone total column measurements derived from various platforms is presented in this work. Satellite data from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) are compared with data from two ground-based spectrometers (Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer FTIR and Brewer), located at the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) super-site of Izaña (Tenerife), measured during a campaign from March to June 2009. These ground-based observing systems have already been demonstrated to perform consistent, precise and accurate ozone total column measurements. An excellent agreement between ground-based and OMI/GOME-2 data is observed. Results from two different algorithms for deriving IASI ozone total column are also compared: the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT/ESA) operational algorithm and the LISA (Laboratoire Inter-universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques) algorithm. A better agreement was found with LISA's analytical approach based on an altitude-dependent Tikhonov-Philips regularization: correlations are 0.94 and 0.89 compared to FTIR and Brewer, respectively; while the operational IASI ozone columns (based on neural network analysis) show correlations of 0.90 and 0.85, respectively, compared to the O3 columns obtained from FTIR and Brewer