The economics of debt clearing mechanisms

We examine the evolution of decentralized clearinghouse mechanisms from the 13th to the 18th century; in particular, we explore the clearing of non- or limitedtradable debts like bills of exchange. We construct a theoretical model of these clearinghouse mechanisms, similar to the models in the theoretical matching literature, and show that specific decentralized multilateral clearing algorithms known as rescontre, skontrieren or virement des parties used by merchants were efficient in specific historical contexts. We can explain both the evolutionary self-organizing emergence of late medieval and early modern fairs, and its robustness during the 17th and 18th century

Oratio Panegyrica, Qva Serenissimo Principi Ac Domino, Domino Friderico Wilhelmo, Regni Borvssiae Heredi ...Academiae Fridericianae Rectori ... De Natali XV Felici Sidere XV Avgvsti MDCCII Exorto ...

Gratvlatvs Est Iohannes Caspar Königk, Zehdenicensis MarchicvsFingerprint nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-Anhalt, der ThULB Jena und der SUB HamburgVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Typis Christoph. Andreae Zeitleri, Acad. Typogr

Pro-Cancellarivs Ioan. Christianvs Koenigk Ivr. Vtrivsqve Doctor, Et Fac. Ivr. Lips. Assessor, Solennia Doctoralia Nobilissimi Et Consultissimi Io. Georgii Knoblauchii, Zittauiensis Lusati, Die XIII. Septembr. MDCCXXXI. Celebranda Indicit

Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks im Kolophon: Lipsiae, Ex Officina Langenhemii

Disputatio Inauguralis Juridica De Officio Mariti Erga Suam Uxorem

Leipzig, Univ., Jur. Disp., 1693Qvam ... publico Eruditorum Examini submittit ... Johannes Christianus Königk, OssatiensisAutopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Lipsiæ, Recusa 1710

Pro-Cancellarivs Ioan. Chrisitanvs Koenigk, Ivr. Vtrivsqve Doctor, Et Fac. Ivr. Lips. Assessor, Solennia Doctoralia Nobilissimi Et Consvltissimi Heinrici Christiani Hacke, Lipsiensis, Die XXVI. Mart. MDCCXXIII. Celebranda Indicit

LeipzigNicht identisch mit VD18 11535881, dort auf Titelbl. "Ioan. Christianvs Koenigk" und Jahr MDCCXXXIII.Vorlageform des Kolophons: Lipsiae Ex Officina Langii. - Erscheinungsjahr nach Datierung am Textende bestimmt, da Druckfehler auf Titelbl

Disputatio Iuridica De Mancipiorum Turcicorum Manumissione Baptismo implicita

Quam Consensu & autoritate Magnifici ICtorum Ordinis In Celeberrima Academia Lipsiensi Praeside Dn. Godofredo Nicolao Ittigio ... d. 10. Maii, Anno M.DC.LXXXIX. Publico examini subiicit H. L. Q. C. Johannes Christianus Königk/ Ossatiensis

Arctic freshwater export and its impact on climate in the 20th and 21st. century

Climate simulations suggest that the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will lead to strong climate changes in the 21st century. Here the resulting effects of the freshwater balance of the Arctic Ocean in the 21st century are analyzed using coupled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change simulations with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology climate model. For the Arctic region, particularly strong warming and an almost complete removal of sea ice during summer time are predicted. Arctic river runoff and net atmospheric freshwater input ( P-E) are strongly enhanced. Most of this additional freshwater input is stored in the Arctic Ocean. While the total freshwater export out of the Arctic remains almost constant, significant changes occur in its distribution. The dominance of sea ice for the Fram Strait export disappears, while the liquid freshwater export is enhanced. The mean export shows therefore almost no changes, but its interannual variability is slightly reduced. In contrast, both the export through the Canadian Archipelago and its variability are increased in the 21st century. Therefore the importance of the Canadian Archipelago for the total Arctic export grows. Enhanced freshwater input into the Labrador Sea leads to a strong decrease in deep convection. Greenland Sea convection is reduced as well but mainly because of strong warming of the upper ocean layers. The meridional overturning circulation responds with a decline of about 6 sverdrups

Polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction

International Workshop on Polar-lower Latitude Linkages in Weather and Climate Prediction What: Eighty experts from twenty different countries met to assess recent progress in, and new directions for, our understanding of the mechanisms governing polar-lower latitude linkages and their role in weather and climate prediction including services. When: 10–12 December 2014 Where: Barcelona, Spai