746 research outputs found
Assessing planning decisions by activity type during the scheduling process
Existing activity-based models still make assumptions about scheduling decision processes that are not well-informed by empirical evidence. In this article, a step forward is taken to better understand the activity-scheduling process and to improve activity-based models. In particular, different planning decision mechanisms depending on several activity type classifications are explored. First, models describing the planning of several aggregate activity types are considered. For these activities, three planning decisions are studied: location, planning time horizon and rescheduling. The 'with whom' planning decision is also studied when subtypes of recreational/entertainment activities are investigated in depth. Significant differences are found in modelling results for each activity type and subtype and each planning decision. These results confirm the existence of different mechanisms underlying the activity-travel decision process when activity types and subtypes are considered. Important conclusions related to the improvement of microsimulation models are highlighted.Ruiz Sánchez, T.; Roorda, MJ. (2011). Assessing planning decisions by activity type during the scheduling process. Transportmetrica. 7(6):417-442. doi:10.1080/18128602.2010.520276S4174427
Magnetic oxide semiconductors
Magnetic oxide semiconductors, oxide semiconductors doped with transition
metal elements, are one of the candidates for a high Curie temperature
ferromagnetic semiconductor that is important to realize semiconductor
spintronics at room temperature. We review in this paper recent progress of
researches on various magnetic oxide semiconductors. The magnetization,
magneto-optical effect, and magneto-transport such as anomalous Hall effect are
examined from viewpoint of feasibility to evaluate the ferromagnetism. The
ferromagnetism of Co-doped TiO2 and transition metal-doped ZnO is discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 5 tables, 6 figure
Double polarization hysteresis loop induced by the domain pinning by defect dipoles in HoMnO3 epitaxial thin films
We report on antiferroelectriclike double polarization hysteresis loops in
multiferroic HoMnO3 thin films below the ferroelectric Curie temperature. This
intriguing phenomenon is attributed to the domain pinning by defect dipoles
which were introduced unintentionally during film growth process. Electron
paramagnetic resonance suggests the existence of Fe1+ defects in thin films and
first principles calculations reveal that the defect dipoles would be composed
of oxygen vacancy and Fe1+ defect. We discuss migration of charged point
defects during film growth process and formation of defect dipoles along
ferroelectric polarization direction, based on the site preference of point
defects. Due to a high-temperature low-symmetry structure of HoMnO3, aging is
not required to form the defect dipoles in contrast to other ferroelectrics
(e.g., BaTiO3).Comment: 4 figure
Serotonergic neurons in the peripheral nervous system: identification in gut by immunohistochemical localization of tryptophan hydroxylase.
Field-Shift Aging Protocol on the 3D Ising Spin-Glass Model: Dynamical Crossover between the Spin-Glass and Paramagnetic States
Spin-glass (SG) states of the 3-dimensional Ising Edwards-Anderson model
under a static magnetic field are examined by means of the standard Monte
Carlo simulation on the field-shift aging protocol at temperature . For each
process with (T; \tw, h), \tw being the waiting time before the field is
switched on, we extract the dynamical crossover time, \tcr(T; \tw, h). We
have found a nice scaling relation between the two characteristic length scales
which are properly determined from \tcr and \tw and then are normalized by
the static field crossover length introduced in the SG droplet theory. This
scaling behavior implies the instability of the SG phase in the equilibrium
limit even under an infinitesimal . In comparison with this numerical result
the field effect on real spin glasses is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, jpsj2, Changed conten
Risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in adult women in Japan
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections usually cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) equally in male and female children. This study investigated the localization of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in human brain and kidney tissues removed from forensic autopsy cases in Japan. A fatal case was used as a positive control in an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease caused by STEC O157:H7 in a kindergarten in Urawa in 1990. Positive immunodetection of Gb3 was significantly more frequent in female than in male distal and collecting renal tubules. To correlate this finding with a clinical outcome, a retrospective analysis of the predictors of renal failure in the 162 patients of two outbreaks in Japan was performed: one in Tochigi in 2002 and the other in Kagawa Prefecture in 2005. This study concludes renal failure, including HUS, was significantly associated with female sex, and the odds ratio was 4·06 compared to male patients in the two outbreaks. From 2006 to 2009 in Japan, the risk factor of HUS associated with STEC infection was analysed. The number of males and females and the proportion of females who developed HUS were calculated by age and year from 2006 to 2009. In 2006, 2007 and 2009 in adults aged >20 years, adult women were significantly more at risk of developing HUS in Japan
Numerical Study on Aging Dynamics in the 3D Ising Spin-Glass Model. II. Quasi-Equilibrium Regime of Spin Auto-Correlation Function
Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied isothermal aging of
three-dimensional Ising spin-glass model focusing on quasi-equilibrium behavior
of the spin auto-correlation function. Weak violation of the time translational
invariance in the quasi-equilibrium regime is analyzed in terms of {\it
effective stiffness} for droplet excitations in the presence of domain walls.
Within the range of computational time window, we have confirmed that the
effective stiffness follows the expected scaling behavior with respect to the
characteristic length scales associated with droplet excitations and domain
walls, whose growth law has been extracted from our simulated data. Implication
of the results are discussed in relation to experimental works on ac
susceptibilities.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
Aging, rejuvenation and memory effects in Ising and Heisenberg spin glasses
We have compared aging phenomena in the Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}TiO_3 Ising spin
glass and in the CdCr_{1.7}In_{0.3}S_4 Heisenberg-like spin glass by means of
low-frequency ac susceptibility measurements. At constant temperature, aging
obeys the same ` scaling' in both samples as in other systems.
Investigating the effect of temperature variations, we find that the Ising
sample exhibits rejuvenation and memory effects which are qualitatively similar
to those found in other spin glasses, indicating that the existence of these
phenomena does not depend on the dimensionality of the spins. However,
systematic temperature cycling experiments on both samples show important
quantitative differences. In the Ising sample, the contribution of aging at low
temperature to aging at a slightly higher temperature is much larger than
expected from thermal slowing down. This is at variance with the behaviour
observed until now in other spin glasses, which show the opposite trend of a
free-energy barrier growth as the temperature is decreased. We discuss these
results in terms of a strongly renormalized microscopic attempt time for
thermal activation, and estimate the corresponding values of the barrier
exponent introduced in the scaling theories.Comment: 8 pages, including 6 figure
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