The impact of an extreme climatic disturbance and different fertilization treatments on plant development, phenology, and yield of two cultivar groups of Solanum betaceum Cav

[EN] Changing climatic conditions impose a challenge both to biodiversity and food security. The effects of climate change affect different aspects of the plant or crop, such as morphological and phenological aspects, as well as yield. The effects of greenhouse conditions might be comparable in some cases to a permanent extreme disturbance in climate and weather, thus, contributing to our knowledge on climate change impacts on plant species. We have investigated the differences for 23 traits in two cultivar groups of an Andean traditional crop, Solanum betaceum, under two different environmental conditions that correspond to the traditional practices in the open field and three cultural managements under greenhouse conditions (no fertilization or control, organic, and mineral). We found that traditional practices in the open field are the less productive. Moreover, in warmer and drier conditions the treatment with organic fertilization was the most productive. Greenhouse conditions, however, delay production. We further identified traits that differentiate both cultivar groups and traits that are linked to either the new climate conditions or the fertilization treatments. Fruit characteristics were quite homogeneous between the two cultivar groups. Overall, our results provide insight on the consequences that climate change effects might exert on crops such as tree tomato, reveal that greenhouses can be a robust alternative for tree tomato production, and highlight the need to understand how different managements are linked to different solutions to fulfil the farmers' demands.M.X.R.-G. was funded by Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT: www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/) with a Prometeo Fellowship. This research was co-financed by Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, http://www.upm.es/ (Ayudas para proyectos semilla de investigacion PID para Latinoamerica, proyecto AL14-PID-09: http://www.upm.es/sfs/Rectorado/Vicerrectarode%20de%20Relaciones%,20Internacionales/America%20Latina/AyudaLA_Adjud13.pdf) and Universidad Tecnica Tecnica Paticular de Loja, https://www.utpl.edu.ec/ (proyecto PROY_FIN_CCAA_ 0016). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Tandazo-Yunga, J.; Ruíz-González, MJ.; Rojas, J.; Capa-Mora, E.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Alejandro, J.; Acosta-Quezada, P. (2017). The impact of an extreme climatic disturbance and different fertilization treatments on plant development, phenology, and yield of two cultivar groups of Solanum betaceum Cav. PLoS ONE. 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190316Se0190316121

Fruit characteristics and yield.

<p>Fruit characteristics and yield.</p

Multivariate analysis for differences between cultivar groups and among treatments for the architecture traits after the first year of production.

<p>Multivariate analysis for differences between cultivar groups and among treatments for the architecture traits after the first year of production.</p

<i>S</i>. <i>betaceum</i> fruit characteristics and yield traits per treatment.

<p>(A) mean number of inflorescences. (B) mean number of fruit. (C) average weight per fruit. (D) yield. Bars denote SE.</p

Descriptors for the first nine studied phenological traits.

<p>Descriptors for the first nine studied phenological traits.</p

Agronomic traits for plant architecture, fruit characters and yield, and phenology of <i>S</i>. <i>betaceum</i>.

<p>Agronomic traits for plant architecture, fruit characters and yield, and phenology of <i>S</i>. <i>betaceum</i>.</p

Plant architecture at the end of the first year of production.

<p>Plant architecture at the end of the first year of production.</p

Fruit characteristics and yield.

<p>Fruit characteristics and yield.</p

The impact of an extreme climatic disturbance and different fertilization treatments on plant development, phenology, and yield of two cultivar groups of <i>Solanum betaceum</i> Cav.

<div><p>Changing climatic conditions impose a challenge both to biodiversity and food security. The effects of climate change affect different aspects of the plant or crop, such as morphological and phenological aspects, as well as yield. The effects of greenhouse conditions might be comparable in some cases to a permanent extreme disturbance in climate and weather, thus, contributing to our knowledge on climate change impacts on plant species. We have investigated the differences for 23 traits in two cultivar groups of an Andean traditional crop, <i>Solanum betaceum</i>, under two different environmental conditions that correspond to the traditional practices in the open field and three cultural managements under greenhouse conditions (no fertilization or control, organic, and mineral). We found that traditional practices in the open field are the less productive. Moreover, in warmer and drier conditions the treatment with organic fertilization was the most productive. Greenhouse conditions, however, delay production. We further identified traits that differentiate both cultivar groups and traits that are linked to either the new climate conditions or the fertilization treatments. Fruit characteristics were quite homogeneous between the two cultivar groups. Overall, our results provide insight on the consequences that climate change effects might exert on crops such as tree tomato, reveal that greenhouses can be a robust alternative for tree tomato production, and highlight the need to understand how different managements are linked to different solutions to fulfil the farmers’ demands.</p></div