2,485 research outputs found
Measurement of the τ Lepton Polarization and R(D^{*}) in the Decay B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ}
We report the first measurement of the τ lepton polarization Pτ (D ∗ ) in the decay B¯ → D ∗ τ −ν¯τ as well as a new measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions R(D ∗ ) = B(B¯ → D ∗ τ −ν¯τ )/B(B¯ → D ∗ ` −ν¯`), where ` − denotes an electron or a muon, and the τ is reconstructed in the modes τ − → π −ντ and τ − → ρ −ντ . We use the full data sample of 772×106 BB¯ pairs recorded with the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider. Our results, Pτ (D ∗ ) = −0.38±0.51(stat.) +0.21 −0.16(syst.) and R(D ∗ ) = 0.270 ± 0.035(stat.) +0.028 −0.025(syst.), are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model
Search for light tetraquark states in Υ ( 1 S ) and Υ ( 2 S ) decays
We search for the JPC=0−− and 1+− light tetraquark states with masses up to 2.46 GeV/c2 in Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays with data samples of (102±2) million and (158±4) million events, respectively, collected with the Belle detector. No significant signals are observed in any of the studied production modes, and 90% credibility level (C.L.) upper limits on their branching fractions in Υ(1S)and Υ(2S) decays are obtained. The inclusive branching fractions of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays into final states with f1(1285) are measured to be B(Υ(1S)→f1(1285)+anything)=(46±28(stat)±13(syst))×10−4 and B(Υ(2S)→f1(1285)+anything)=(22±15(stat)±6.3(syst))×10−4. The measured χb2→J/ψ+anything branching fraction is measured to be (1.50±0.34(stat)±0.22(syst))×10−3, and 90% C.L. upper limits for the χb0,b1→J/ψ+anything branching fractions are found to be 2.3×10−3 and 1.1×10−3, respectively. For B(χb1→ω+anything), the branching fraction is measured to be (4.9±1.3(stat)±0.6(syst))×10−2. All results reported here are the first measurements for these modes
Lepton-Flavor-Dependent Angular Analysis of B→K^{*}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}
We present a measurement of angular observables and a test of lepton flavor universality in the B → K∗ ` +` − decay, where ` is either e or µ. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711 fb−1 containing 772 × 106 BB¯ pairs, collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy e +e − collider KEKB. The result is consistent with Standard Model (SM) expectations, where the largest discrepancy from a SM prediction is observed in the muon modes with a local significance of 2.6σ
Search for the 0^{--} glueball in ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) decays
We report the first search for the J P C = 0−− glueball in Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays with data samples of (102 ± 2) million and (158 ± 4) million events, respectively, collected with the Belle detector. No significant signals are observed in any of the proposed production modes, and the 90% credibility level upper limits on their branching fractions in Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays are obtained. The inclusive branching fractions of the Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays into final states with a χc1 are measured to be B(Υ(1S) → χc1 + anything) = (1.90 ± 0.43(stat.) ± 0.14(syst.)) × 10−4 with an improved precision over prior measurements and B(Υ(2S) → χc1 + anything) = (2.24 ± 0.44(stat.) ± 0.20(syst.)) × 10−4 for the first time
Behavioral Approaches for Infant Pain Relief
Infants experience a host of painful medical procedures including heel sticks, venipuncture, and immunizations. Historically, little attention was given to infant pain management due to misconceived myths and beliefs about the experience and long-term effects of pain in infants. Recent data suggest that there are both short- and long-term negative repercussions associated with unmanaged infant pain. In response, a number of non-pharmacological approaches have been developed to provide infants with pain relief associated with medical events. This paper will review these behavioral approaches including positioning, parent training, distraction, sucrose, and skin-to-skin contact. Recommendations for best practices will be provided and future direction for infant pain management will be outlined
Psychological Approaches to Acute Pediatric Pain Management
Children endure numerous acute painful events, most of which occur within the medical arena. For instance, by the time a child reaches the age of 6, the child will have experienced approximately 30 immunization injections (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Grounded in the Gate Control Theory (Melzack & Wall, 1965), psychological methods of pain management have focused on anxiety and pain management via behavioral means. In addition, ample research has been devoted to how best to prepare children and their parents for upcoming painful or distress-provoking procedures (e.g., surgery, hospitalization, injection). This paper will review the preparation literature, which details how to inform and arm children and their parents for impending procedures and will highlight the psychological pain management literature which includes distraction, cognitive behavioral therapy, and additional promising interventions
The Color Dipole Picture of low-x DIS: Model-Independent and Model-Dependent Results
We present a detailed examination of the color-dipole picture (CDP) of
low- deep inelastic scattering. We discriminate model-independent results,
not depending on a specific parameterization of the dipole cross section, from
model-dependent ones. The model-independent results include the ratio of the
longitudinal to the transverse photoabsorption cross section at large , or
equivalently the ratio of the longitudinal to the unpolarized proton structure
function, , as well as the low- scaling
behavior of the total photoabsorption cross section as for
, and as for .
Here, denotes the low- scaling variable, with being
the saturation scale. The model-independent analysis also implies
at any for asymptotically
large energy, . Consistency with pQCD evolution determines the underlying
gluon distribution and the numerical value of in the expression
for the saturation scale, . In the
model-dependent analysis, by restricting the mass of the actively contributing
fluctuations by an energy-dependent upper bound, we extend the
validity of the color-dipole picture to . The
theoretical results agree with the world data on DIS for .Comment: 77 pages, 30 figure
Early responses to H7N9 in southern mainland China
This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. © 2014 Goodwin and Sun; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public
Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this
article, unless otherwise stated.Background: H7N9 posed potentially serious health challenges for Chinese society. The previous SARS outbreak in this country was accompanied by contradictory information, while worries about wide-spread influenza led to discrimination worldwide. Early understanding of public threat perceptions is therefore important for effective public health communication and intervention. Methods: We interviewed 1011 respondents by phone two weeks after the first case. Questions examined risk awareness and media use, beliefs about the emergence of the threat and those most at risk, anxiety about infection and preventive and avoidant behaviours. Results: Results demonstrate moderate levels of anxiety but relatively high levels of trust towards government officials. Threat emergence was associated with hygiene levels, temperature change, floating pigs in the Huangpu River and migration to the city. Anxiety predicted both recommended and non-recommended behavioural changes. Conclusions: Comparatively high levels of trust in Chinese government advice about H7N9 contrast positively with previous pandemic communications in China. Anxiety helped drive both recommended and non-recommended behaviours, with potentially important economic and social implications. This included evidence of 'othering’ of those associated with the threat (e.g. migrants). Findings emphasise the need to manage public communications early during new influenza outbreaks.Fudan Tydall Centre and Fudan Media and Public Opinion Center
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Experiences and Attitudes of Genome Investigators Regarding Return of Individual Genetic Test Results
Purpose Whether and how to return individual genetic results to study participants is among the most contentious policy issues in contemporary genomic research. Methods: We surveyed corresponding authors of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), identified through the National Human Genome Research Institute's Catalog of Published GWAS, to describe the experiences and attitudes of these stakeholders. Results: Of 357 corresponding authors, 200 (56%) responded. One hundred twenty-six (63%) had been responsible for primary data and sample collection, whereas 74 (37%) had performed secondary analyses. Only 7 (4%) had returned individual results within their index GWAS. Most (69%) believed that return of results to individual participants was warranted under at least some circumstances. Most respondents identified a desire to benefit participants's health (63%) and respect for participants's; desires for information (57%) as major motivations for returning results. Most also identified uncertain clinical utility (76%), the possibility that participants will misunderstand results (74%), the potential for emotional harm (61%), the need to ensure access to trained clinicians (59%), and the potential for loss of confidentiality (51%) as major barriers to return. Conclusion: Investigators have limited experience returning individual results from genome-scale research, yet most are motivated to do so in at least some circumstances
symmetric non-selfadjoint operators, diagonalizable and non-diagonalizable, with real discrete spectrum
Consider in , , the operator family . \ds
H_0= a^\ast_1a_1+... +a^\ast_da_d+d/2 is the quantum harmonic oscillator with
rational frequencies, a symmetric bounded potential, and a real
coupling constant. We show that if , being an explicitly
determined constant, the spectrum of is real and discrete. Moreover we
show that the operator \ds H(g)=a^\ast_1 a_1+a^\ast_2a_2+ig a^\ast_2a_1 has
real discrete spectrum but is not diagonalizable.Comment: 20 page
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