International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Breed-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine production as a predisposing factor for susceptibility to sepsis in the dog

Objective : To determine whether 2 dog breeds with a high risk for parvoviral enteritis, a disease associated with sepsis, produce stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to a stimulus than dogs with a lower risk. Design : Blinded comparison. Setting : University outpatient clinic. Animals : Healthy, unrelated, purebred Doberman Pinschers ( n =10) and Rottweilers ( n =9) with age-matched mixed-breed dogs ( n =7). Interventions : Heparinized, whole-blood samples were collected from each dog and incubated for 6 hours with lipopolysaccharide. Plasma was collected, and bioassays were used to determine the concentrations of TNF-Α and IL-6. The mean values obtained from the high-risk breeds were compared with the mean obtained from the mixed-breeds. Measurements and main results : The mean TNF-Α production from dogs with a high risk for parvoviral enteritis (1321±161 pg/mL; Doberman Pinscher and Rottweiler) was greater ( P <0.05) than that from lower risk, mixed-breed dogs (674±186 pg/mL). There were no differences in TNF-Α levels between Doberman (1128±247 pg/mL) and Rottweiler (1563±pg/mL) breeds or between any breeds with regard to IL-6 production. Conclusions : The magnitude of TNF-Α production by peripheral blood monocytes was the greatest in the dogs with breed-related risk for parvoviral enteritis. However, additional studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between high TNF and predilection for parvoviral enteritis. Regardless, breed appears to be a predisposing factor for variations in cytokine production that could impact the host response to infection and other inflammatory insults.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71791/1/j.1476-4431.2006.00215.x.pd