Gender, motivation, experience and wages

Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, 1991-97 this paper investigates the structure of the female wage equation and the gender wage differential. The discriminatory portion of the gender wage differential is overstated by over 40% when inadequate measures of female labour market experience are included in the wage equation. The degree of labour market motivation, aspirations and constraints are found to have a significant impact on the female wage. Moreover, the impact of time out of the labour market varies across gender, activity undertaken while out, labour market motivation and the degree of male occupational domination

Educational Attainment, Labour Market Institutions, and the Structure of Production

A key feature of OECD economic growth since the early 1970s has been the secular decline in manufacturing's share of GDP and the secular rise of service sectors. This paper examines the role played by relative prices, technology, factor endowments, and labour market institutions in the process of "de- industrialization." We find a statistically significant and quantitatively important effect of levels of educational attainment. Furthermore, the production structure responds differently to the educational attainment of men and women. Finally, countries with stronger levels of employment protection are shown to adjust more slowly to changes in prices, technology, and factor endowments.De-industrialization, Educational Attainment, Factor Endowments, Labour Market Institutions,Specialization

The Relative Importance of Local Labour Market Conditions and Pupil Attainment on Post-Compulsory Schooling Decisions

This paper assesses the relative importance of local labour market conditions and pupil educational attainment as primary determinants of the post-compulsory schooling decision. Using a nested logit model we formally incorporate the structured and sequential decision process pupils engage with. Our findings show that, on average, the key drivers of the schooling decision are pupil educational attainment and parental aspirations rather than local labour market conditions. However, there is some evidence that higher local unemployment rates encourage males to invest in education, and that interactions with educational attainment suggest local labour market conditions impact heterogeneously across the pupil population.post-compulsory education, local labour markets, parental aspirations, educational attainment, nested logit

The other margin : do minimum wages cause working hours adjustments for low-wage workers?

This paper estimates the impact of the introduction of the UK minimum wage on the working hours of low-wage employees using difference-in-differences estimators. The estimates using the employer-based New Earnings Surveys indicate that the introduction of the minimum wage reduced the basic hours of low-wage workers by between 1 and 2 hours per week. The effects on total paid hours are similar (indicating negligible effects on paid overtime) and lagged effects dominate the smaller and less significant initial effects within this. Estimates using the employee-based Labour Force Surveys are typically less significant.minimum wages ; working hours ; labour demand ; difference-in-differences estimator

The other margin: do minimum wages cause working hours adjustments for low-wage workers?

This paper estimates the impact of the introduction of the UK minimum wage on the working hours of low-wage employees using difference-in-differences estimators. The estimates using the employer-based New Earnings Surveys indicate that the introduction of the minimum wage reduced the basic hours of low-wage workers by between 1 and 2 hours per week. The effects on total paid hours are similar (indicating negligible effects on paid overtime) and lagged effects dominate the smaller and less significant initial effects within this. Estimates using the employee-based Labour Force Surveys are typically less significant

Identifying sustainable pathways out of in-work poverty: Follow-up qualitative interviews report on the ‘Working Life in York’ survey : ESRC Knowledge Exchange Scheme ES/L002086/1

As part of the ESRC Knowledge Exchange project “Identifying sustainable pathways out of in-work poverty” a qualitative in-depth follow-up survey to the main quantitative poverty survey was undertaken. This follow-up survey sample was drawn from those employees providing quantitative survey responses that might indicate a worker is at risk of ‘in-work’ poverty, were a Living Wage worker and/or experiencing specific challenges relating to the anti-poverty policy objectives of the project partners. This report describes the situation and attitudes of those who might be at risk of ‘in-work’ poverty or have the more limited resources from the quantitative survey (WLinY). This follow-up survey was conducted as face-to-face semi-structured interviews undertaken by qualitative interviewers from the Centre for Housing Policy, University of York in late 2014 (November & December). Some of these respondents received the Living Wage (or LW supplement) and others not, but all were paid below £10 per hour

Bilateral capital physeal dysplasia in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) treated with femoral head ostectomy

A six-month-old male entire ferret presented for investigation of atraumatic bilateral pelvic limb lameness. Radiographic and subsequent histopathological assessment of the femoral heads following bilateral femoral head ostectomy was consistent with capital physeal dysplasia. At six-months postoperatively, pelvic limb function was deemed normal with no evidence of ongoing discomfort. This is the first report of capital physeal dysplasia in the ferret and femoral head ostectomy appears to be an appropriate intervention in the management of these patients

The gender gap in early career wage growth

In the UK the gender pay gap on entry to the labour market is approximately zero but after ten years after labour market entry, there is a gender wage gap of almost 25 log points. This paper explores the reason for this gender gap in early-career wage growth, considering three main hypotheses - human capital, job-shopping and ‘psychological’ theories. Human capital factors can explain about 12 log points, job-shopping about 1.5 log points and the psychological theories about half a log point. But a substantial unexplained gap remains: women who have continuous full-time employment, have had no children and express no desire to have them earn about 12 log points less than equivalent men after 10 years in the labour market

Educational attainment, labour market institutions, and the structure of production

A key feature of OECD economic growth since the early 1970s has been the secular decline in manufacturing’s share of GDP and the secular rise of service sectors. This paper examines the role played by relative prices, technology, factor endowments, and labour market institutions in the process of ‘de- industrialization.’ We find a statistically significant and quantitatively important effect of levels of educational attainment. Furthermore, the production structure responds differently to the educational attainment of men and women. Finally, countries with stronger levels of employment protection are shown to adjust more slowly to changes in prices, technology, and factor endowments