Probiotics in urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is considered a civilization disease. The prevalence is estimated at 5-20% of the population. There are many litogenesis risk factors such as hypercalciuria, hypophosphaturia, low urine pH or increased excretion of oxalates with urine - a condition called hyperoxaluria which is a major risk factor for renal stones. Oxalate urolithiasis can be caused by defects in oxalates metabolism, excessive intake in the diet or increased intestinal absorption of oxalates. The reason of hyperoxaluria might be a genetic defect (primary hyperoxaluria) or excessive consumption due to improper diet (secondary hyperoxaluria). Human intestinal flora plays an important role in oxalates metabolism. Described in the 1980s Oxalobacter formigenes, inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract is known for contributing to decrease the excretion of oxalates with urine and consequently, reduce the risk of recurrence of kidney stones. Other known bacteria which have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of oxalates include Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Providentia retgerri. These bacteria may be useful in the future treatment of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults

Popiołek Joanna, Kusz Monika, Alzubedi Adam, Konopelko Michał. The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1443-1448 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1434800 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6089 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/879004 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults Joanna Popiołek1, Monika Kusz2, Adam Alzubedi3, Michał Konopelko4 1Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin 2Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin 3Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin 4Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin Address for correspondence: Joanna Popiolek, Department of Cardiology, 100 Krasnicka Al., 20-718 Lublin, Poland, phone: +48 81 537 47 40 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The positive impact of regular physical activity is a widely recognized fact. The WHO recommends that people of all ages exercise 30 minutes of exercise every day. In the context of the sedentary lifestyle and changes in social behavior patterns in recent years, there is a need to examine the habits of young adults regarding physical activity. The aim of the study was to investigate which forms of exercises are preferred by young adults and how much time they devote to them. The study was conducted on a group of 42 people (16 men and 26 women). Respondents were asked about the forms of physical activity they choose most often and the time during the week they devote to them. A written questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was used to obtain the data. The most common form of activity chosen by young adults was walking (66.7% of the group). The next forms were dancing (42.9%) and swimming (38.1%). Referring to time issues, respondents spent 209 minutes a week on physical activity (SD 190). Men spent 315 minutes and women 143 minutes per week. At the same time, respondents spent the most time on walking (55 minutes per week on average), 31 minutes and 29 minutes per week for gym training and dancing respectively. Among young adults, the most-chosen form of physical activity was walking, which may be related to its undemanding character. Young adults devoted enough time to physical activity according to WHO recommendations. They care about their physical condition by participating both moderate and intense physical activities. Key words: physical activity, exercise, young adults’ healt

Resistance exercises as an important form of non-pharmacologic treatment of diabetes

Diabetes, which is a chronic, systemic disease, carries the risk of numerous complications. “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” - therefore it is important and cost effective to properly manage diabetes and prevent its complications, which can be achieved, among other things, by keeping proper glycemic control, taking care of the lipid profile and maintaining the recommended blood pressure values. In addition to pharmacologic treatment, non-pharmacologic treatment is also vital and often underestimated in practice. This type of treatment includes a healthy diet and physical activity. There are different types of physical activity, each of which has a different effect on metabolism. The aim of this article is to present resistance exercises in comparison with other models of physical effort recommended for the managing of diabetes. Resistance exercises can have a greater effect on the metabolic equilibrium of diabetes than aerobic exercises due to longer and more stable decreases in post-workout glycemia levels, and a similar effect on other aspects of health. Strength training can be an effective alternative to currently recommended aerobic exercises due to the small differences in contraindications and the significant benefits. In order to be able to compare both types of physical effort more accurately and to identify the model that has a greater effect on metabolism more clinical studies are needed

Pyrethroids - could they be dangerous?

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides, which are worldwide use in pest control, in agriculture, forestry, even in households. The amount of used pyrethroids is growing every year. They were created as the result of a modification of natural pyrethrin, which is botanical insecticide extracted from chrysanthemum flowers. The pyrethroids are the substances with powerful effects on insects nervous system due to binding to voltage-gated sodium channels of nerve cells. Despite of relatively low risk of toxicological effect on humans and other mammals, there are many reports of acute or chronic exposure on pyrethroids. Based on available literature implicates that pyrethroids induce adverse health effects on non-target organisms. The associations between exposure to pyrethroids and the effect on nervous, endocrinological and immunological systems were reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze an association between exposure to pyrethroids and its potential poisoning effect on humans

The comparison of the physical activity level in young adults assessed with measuring tools and subjective self-assessment

Daily physical activity is one of many factors determining health. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends regular moderate physical activity for people of all ages. The aim of this study was to compare the classified level of physical activity of young adults with their sub-jective self-assessment. The study group consisted of 42 people aged 20-24 years, on average 21.5 years. 62% (26 people) were women, and 38% (32 people) were men. Data was obtained using a paper ques-tionnaire based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The respond-ents were asked about their physical activity during the week and their own assessment of their level of physical activity. 52.38% of respondents reported that they regularly exercise. Men do it more often (75% of men) and women less often (38.46% of women). 80.95% considered their own level of physi-cal activity as sufficient, 9.22% as high, and 9.52% as insufficient. At the same time, based on the IPAQ calculation, 42.86% respondents represented a sufficient level of physical activity, 38.10% high, and 19.05% insufficient. The average level of activity was 1668,57 MET-min/week, which according to the IPAQ classification means a high level of physical activity. In summary, young adults represent high levels of physical activity. The study showed that they tend to under- and overestimate their level of physical activity, whereas the underestima-tion is more common

Prevalence, diagnosis and treatment in urolithiasis.

Kidney stone disease is one of the most common disorders and can be considered a disease systmetic. It occurs in about 5-20 % of all population. Due to the chemical composition of deposits there are several types of kidney stones including calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, magnesium-amonium, phosphate, cysteine. Nephrolithiasis is more common in men than in women. Kidney stones are formed as a result of the crystallization of minerals and their salts. The cause of stone formation in the kidneys also contributes some drugs (such as corticosteroids), hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, long-term treatment of peptic ulcer with alkalizing preparations, overdose of vitamin D and improper diet. The most important in treatment of renal colic is relieving pain. Sometimes it is enough to administer analgesics, but sometimes it is necessary to administer strong opioid drugs. Effective medical treatments including thiazide, potassium citrate, acetohydroxamic acid can prevent new stone formation in most patients

The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults

The positive impact of regular physical activity is a widely recognized fact. The WHO recommends that people of all ages exercise 30 minutes of exercise every day. In the context of the sedentary lifestyle and changes in social behavior patterns in recent years, there is a need to examine the habits of young adults regarding physical activity. The aim of the study was to investigate which forms of exercises are preferred by young adults and how much time they devote to them. The study was conducted on a group of 42 people (16 men and 26 women). Respond-ents were asked about the forms of physical activity they choose most often and the time during the week they devote to them. A written questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was used to obtain the data. The most common form of activity chosen by young adults was walking (66.7% of the group). The next forms were dancing (42.9%) and swimming (38.1%). Referring to time issues, respondents spent 209 minutes a week on physical activity (SD 190). Men spent 315 minutes and women 143 minutes per week. At the same time, respondents spent the most time on walking (55 minutes per week on average), 31 minutes and 29 minutes per week for gym training and dancing respectively. Among young adults, the most-chosen form of physical activity was walking, which may be related to its undemanding character. Young adults devoted enough time to physical activity according to WHO recommendations. They care about their physical condition by participating both moderate and intense physical activities

The role of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a potent antiprotease playing an important role in maintaining protease-antiproteasebalance. It protects the structures of extracellular matrix against destruction by proteolytic enzymes. Loss ofelasticity occurs when increased protease activity is accompanied by qualitative impairment or reduced concentrationsof antiproteases. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a risk factor for obstructive lung disease, includingemphysema, liver and kidney disorders and, less often, follicular panniculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis(previously Wegener’s granulomatosis). Literature also emphasises the role of AAT in the development of aorticaneurysms, and results of biochemical studies support this theory. Aortic aneurysm is an important clinicalproblem, unceasingly associated with high mortality. For this reason, it is exceptionally important to identify itsrisk factors. Studies on the relationship between AAT and development of AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)have been conducted since the 1990s. Due to the development in molecular diagnostic techniques, new reportson the topic appeared over the last decade

Ketogenic diet in civilization diseases

The low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) is a high fat and low carbohydrate and low protein diet. It was found to be promising in controlling diabetes mellitus. (DM)., epilepsy, obesity, cardiovascular diseases. Ketogenic diet lowers blood sugar and insulin levels, and shifts the body’s metabolism from carbs and towards fat and ketones.The primary goal of inducing ketosis is to help patients with rare metabolic disorders in a situation where pharmacological treatment was not effective

Contemporary treatment options for male hypogonadism

Introduction Male hypogonadism is a disease in which testicular function is impaired. Its symptoms are due to testosterone deficiency and most of them show low specificity. These include reduced libido, erectile dysfunction and mood disorders, among others. The biochemical indicator of hypogonadism is a testosterone concentration below 350 ng/ml (12nmol/L), according to the European Association of Urology (EAU). The increased incidence of hypogonadism is associated with aging and the presence of comorbidities such as type II diabetes and obesity. Men with testosterone deficiency have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Goals Summary of current reports on the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of formulations used in testosterone replacement therapy. MethodsReview of literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Conclusions The medical interview, physical examination and ancillary tests help to classify hypogonadism appropriately. Measuring the concentration of gonadotropins, helps diversify primary from secondary hypogonadism. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) uses formulations that have varying release profiles, route of administration and drug formulation. The choice of testosterone product should involve age, lifestyle, and individual preferences of the patient