Italian and North American dietary intake after ivacaftor treatment for Cystic Fibrosis Gating Mutations

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Monitoring sedentary patterns in office employees: validity of an m-health tool (Walk@Work-App) for occupational health.

OBJECTIVE: This study validated the Walk@Work-Application (W@W-App) for measuring occupational sitting and stepping. METHODS: The W@W-App was installed on the smartphones of office-based employees (n=17; 10 women; 26±3 years). A prescribed 1-hour laboratory protocol plus two continuous hours of occupational free-living activities were performed. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) compared mean differences of sitting time and step count measurements between the W@W-App and criterion measures (ActivPAL3TM and SW200Yamax Digi-Walker). RESULTS: During the protocol, agreement between self-paced walking (ICC=0.85) and active working tasks step counts (ICC=0.80) was good. The smallest median difference was for sitting time (1.5seconds). During free-living conditions, sitting time (ICC=0.99) and stepping (ICC=0.92) showed excellent agreement, with a difference of 0.5minutes and 18 steps respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The W@W-App provided valid measures for monitoring occupational sedentary patterns in real life conditions; a key issue for increasing awareness and changing occupational sedentariness

Blood pressure and lifestyle change among the Manus of Papua New Guinea: A migrant study

The health consequences of migration and rapid modernization are examined in the Manus people living in Pere village in Manus Province and in migrants living in both the local provincial towns and larger cities of Papua New Guinea. For the Manus, like so many other Pacific Island peoples and other modernizing populations around the world, lifestyle change has resulted in increased blood pressure and rates of hypertension in both adults and youth, placing them at greater risk for cardiovascular pathology. Higher blood pressure is accompanied by greater body weight, mass and fatness and also by differences in body fat distribution among the predominantly young adult migrants compared to their village relatives. Higher blood pressure among town youth is attributed to their greater body size and growth status. Changes in diet, educational and occupational status, marriage patterns, physical activity levels, health care, and fertility and mortality patterns have also occurred with modernization and directly or indirectly affect blood pressure variation among migrants. In addition to greater fat levels, migrants also show differences from villagers in the relative distribution of subcutaneous fat on the body. A greater centripetal distribution of fat, particularly greater subscapular or upper back fat, is significantly associated with both blood pressure level and the response of blood pressure to postural change among both village and town adults. Manus migrant men have a high incidence of borderline hypertension compared to young adult men living in the United States. Adiposity and occupational status significantly and independently predict blood pressure levels among these men suggesting that, in addition to physical factors, psychosocial stress plays a role in the etiology of blood pressure elevation in this population. Because the Manus of Pere village have been studied extensively over the past six decades by both cultural and biological anthropologists, it has been possible to carefully assess the impact of social and cultural change upon human biology and health in this population

Blood pressure and lifestyle change among the Manus of Papua New Guinea: A migrant study

The health consequences of migration and rapid modernization are examined in the Manus people living in Pere village in Manus Province and in migrants living in both the local provincial towns and larger cities of Papua New Guinea. For the Manus, like so many other Pacific Island peoples and other modernizing populations around the world, lifestyle change has resulted in increased blood pressure and rates of hypertension in both adults and youth, placing them at greater risk for cardiovascular pathology. Higher blood pressure is accompanied by greater body weight, mass and fatness and also by differences in body fat distribution among the predominantly young adult migrants compared to their village relatives. Higher blood pressure among town youth is attributed to their greater body size and growth status. Changes in diet, educational and occupational status, marriage patterns, physical activity levels, health care, and fertility and mortality patterns have also occurred with modernization and directly or indirectly affect blood pressure variation among migrants. In addition to greater fat levels, migrants also show differences from villagers in the relative distribution of subcutaneous fat on the body. A greater centripetal distribution of fat, particularly greater subscapular or upper back fat, is significantly associated with both blood pressure level and the response of blood pressure to postural change among both village and town adults. Manus migrant men have a high incidence of borderline hypertension compared to young adult men living in the United States. Adiposity and occupational status significantly and independently predict blood pressure levels among these men suggesting that, in addition to physical factors, psychosocial stress plays a role in the etiology of blood pressure elevation in this population. Because the Manus of Pere village have been studied extensively over the past six decades by both cultural and biological anthropologists, it has been possible to carefully assess the impact of social and cultural change upon human biology and health in this population

Secular Change in Growth of Philadelphia Black Adolescents

Secular changes in growth were observed on a USA urban population. In 1977 nearly 900 Black Philadelphia adolescents, IOV2 to 16 years of age were examined and the results were compared with an earlier Philadelphia sample measured in 1956-65. Youths in 1977 were taller and heavier, on average, and had greater sitting heights than youths in 1956-65. Mean log weight relative to mean height was almost unchanged as were skinfold thicknesses. There is some evidence of accelerated skeletal maturation. The general conclusion is that the situation of Black adolescents in Philadelphia has improved over approximately the past twenty years

Improved residual fat malabsorption and growth in children with cystic fibrosis treated with a novel oral structured lipid supplement: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND:In the primary analysis of a 12-month double-blind randomized active placebo-controlled trial, treatment of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency (PI) with a readily absorbable structured lipid (Encala™, Envara Health, Wayne, PA) was safe, well-tolerated and improved dietary fat absorption (stool coefficient of fat absorption [CFA]), growth, and plasma fatty acids (FA). OBJECTIVE:To determine if the Encala™ treatment effect varied by severity of baseline fat malabsorption. METHODS:Subjects (n = 66, 10.5±3.0 yrs, 39% female) with baseline CFA who completed a three-month treatment with Encala™ or a calorie and macronutrient-matched placebo were included in this subgroup analysis. Subjects were categorized by median baseline CFA: low CFA (<88%) and high CFA (≥88%). At baseline and 3-month evaluations, CFA (72-hour stool, weighed food record) and height (HAZ), weight (WAZ) and BMI (BMIZ) Z-scores were calculated. Fasting plasma fatty acid (FA) concentrations were also measured. RESULTS:Subjects in the low CFA subgroup had significantly improved CFA (+7.5±7.2%, mean 86.3±6.7, p = 0.002), and reduced stool fat loss (-5.7±7.2 g/24 hours) following three months of EncalaTM treatment. These subjects also had increased plasma linoleic acid (+20%), α-linolenic acid (+56%), and total FA (+20%) (p≤0.005 for all) concentrations and improvements in HAZ (0.06±0.08), WAZ (0.17±0.16), and BMIZ (0.20±0.25) (p≤0.002 for all). CFA and FA were unchanged with placebo in the low CFA group, with some WAZ increases (0.14±0.24, p = 0.02). High CFA subjects (both placebo and Encala™ groups) had improvements in WAZ and some FA. CONCLUSIONS:Subjects with CF, PI and more severe fat malabsorption experienced greater improvements in CFA, FA and growth after three months of Encala™ treatment. Encala™ was safe, well-tolerated and efficacious in patients with CF and PI with residual fat malabsorption and improved dietary energy absorption, weight gain and FA status in this at-risk group