7 research outputs found
Phylogenetic relationships within Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) from Central Europe, focused on problematic aggregates, taxonomy, and host ranges
Holoparasitic genera within the family Orobanchaceae are characterized by greatly reduced vegetative organs;
therefore, molecular analysis has proved to be a useful tool in solving taxonomic problems in this family. For
this purpose, we studied all species of the genera
Orobanche
and
Phelipanche
occurring in Central Europe,
specifically in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Austria, supplemented by samples mainly from Spain,
France, Germany, and Ukraine. They were investigated using nuclear sequences (ITS region) and a plastid
trnL-
trnF
region. The aim of this study was to examine phylogenetic relationships within
Orobanche
and
Phelipanche
from Central Europe; we focused on problematic species and aggregates, recent taxonomic changes in these
(rank and secondary ranks), and host ranges. The most interesting results concern the exlusion of
O. mayeri
from
O. alsatica
aggr. Additionally, following the rules of traditional taxonomy, the correct names and types of
some secondary ranks are given and, as a result of this, a new combination below the
Phelipanche
genus is made
(
P
.
sect.
Trionychon
). The host ranges of the investigated species in Central Europe include 102 species from 12
families, most often from Asteraceae. For this purpose, ca. 400 localities were examined in the field. Moreover,
data acquired from the literature and European and Asian herbaria were use
Genome size in Humulus lupulus L. and H. japonicus Siebold and Zucc. [Cannabaceae]
We analysed chromosome lengths, karyotype structure, and nuclear DNA content (flow cytometry) in diploid (2n=20) and triploid (2n=30) European H. lupulus var. lupulus, American H. lupulus var. neomexicanus (2n=20) and Japanese ornamental hop, H. japonicus (F/2n=16; M/2n=17). Diploid female representatives of H. lupulus var. lupulus and H. l. var. neomexicanus differed in total length of the basal chromosome set (23.16 µm and 25.99 µm, respectively) and nuclear 2C DNA amount (5.598 pg and 6.064 pg) but showed similar karyotype structure. No deviation from the additivity, both in chromosome length and 2C DNA amount was evidenced in triploid monoecious H. lupulus (2n=30, XXY). H. japonicus showed different karyotype structure, smaller basal chromosome set (F/18.04 µm, M/20.66 µm) and lower nuclear DNA amount (F/3.208 pg and M/3.522 pg). There are first evaluations of nuclear genome size in diploid, not commercial representative of European H. lupulus var. lupulus and American H. lupulus var. neomexicanus and first attempt to determine the absolute male and female genome size in two Humulus species
Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in Polish angiosperms
Our survey of data collected in the Chromosome Number Database for Polish angiosperms indicated that the
1,498 species with chromosome counts represent 40% of the total angiosperms (3,719) occurring in Poland,
including 1,205 native species (53% of native species) and 194 anthropophytes (56% of anthropophytes). The
chromosome numbers are known for all native species occurring in Poland within 298 genera and 46 families,
and for all anthropophytes from 79 genera and 11 families. The remaining angiosperm groups are less explored:
chromosome counts from Poland are known for 9% of cultivated species and 5% of ephemerophytes. According
to generic basic chromosome numbers, 46.44% of Polish angiosperms have been classified as polyploid. By three
different threshold methods, the contribution of polyploid plants to the Polish flora is 64.64%, 50.89% or
42.89%. Polyploidy is more common among indigenous than non-indigenous plants, and the ploidy distribution
among plants from the Polish Tatras does not differ significantly from that observed in the rest of native Polish
plants
Development of a RAPD-based male-specific molecular marker in Japanese hop (Humulus japonicus Siebold and Zucc.)
The male-specific DNA markers are very useful in molecular sexing of non-flowering plants and seeds of dioecious
species. In this paper we identified ten Y chromosome-specific RAPD primers suitable for identification of
male plants in three Cannabaceae species with sex chromosomes (Humulus lupulus, XX/XY; H. japonicus, XX/
XY1Y2; Cannabis sativa, XX/XY). Basing on the nucleotide sequence of the OPJ-09 RAPD product we developed
the HJY09 SCAR marker, which is very efficient in sexing of Japanese hop