Baixa prevalência ou subdiagnóstico?

Funding Information: This study was partially funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) Projeto Universal. Funding Information: This study was partially funded by Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) Projeto Universal.publishersversionpublishe

Clinical predictors of a positive genetic test in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Brazilian population

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic autosomal dominant disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. The molecular diagnosis is important but still expensive. This work aimed to find clinical predictors of a positive genetic test in a Brazilian tertiary centre cohort of index cases with HCM.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud In the study were included patients with HCM clinical diagnosis. For genotype x phenotype comparison we have evaluated echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and nuclear magnetic resonance measures. All patients answered a questionnaire about familial history of HCM and/or sudden death. β-myosin heavy chain, myosin binding protein C, and troponin T genes were sequenced for genetic diagnosis.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The variables related to a higher probability of a positive genetic test were familial history of HCM, higher mean heart frequency, presence of NSVT and lower age. Probabilities of having a positive molecular genetic test were calculated from the final multivariate logistic regression model and were used to identify those with a higher probability of a positive molecular diagnosis.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud We developed an easy and fast screening method that takes into account only clinical data that can help to select the patients with a high probability of positive genetic results from molecular sequencing of Brazilian HCM patients.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and\ud Coordination for Enhancement of Higher Education (CAPES)

Acute Chagas disease associated with ingestion of contaminated food in Brazilian western Amazon

Funding Information: We would like to thank the following institutions for all the support they accorded: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation Dr. Rosimary Costa Pinto (FVS‐RCP/AM), the Municipal Health Departments of the affected by the outbreaks and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas for their financial support in acquiring materials for the molecular detection of the parasite. We would also like to thank the public health surveillance teams and the patients who agreed to participate in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Belgian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine.Objective: To describe clinical, epidemiological and management information on cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) by oral transmission in the state of Amazonas in western Amazon. Methods: Manual and electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with ACD at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) were included. Results: There were 147 cases of acute CD registered from 10 outbreaks that occurred in the state of Amazonas between 2004 and 2022. The transmission pathway was through oral route, with probable contaminated palm fruit juice (açaí and/or papatuá), and involved people from the same family, friends or neighbours. Of 147 identified cases, 87 (59%) were males; cases were aged 10 months to 82 years. The most common symptom was the febrile syndrome (123/147; 91.8%); cardiac alterations were present in 33/100 (33%), (2/147; 1.4%) had severe ACD with meningoencephalitis, and 12 (8.2%) were asymptomatic. Most cases were diagnosed through thick blood smear (132/147; 89.8%), a few (14/147; 9.5%) were diagnosed by serology and (1/147; 0.7%) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood culture. In all these outbreaks, 74.1% of the patients were analysed by PCR, and Trypanosoma cruzi TcIV was detected in all of them. No deaths were recorded. The incidence of these foci coincided with the fruit harvest period in the state of Amazonas. Conclusion: The occurrence of ACD outbreaks in the Amazon affected individuals of both sexes, young adults, living in rural and peri-urban areas and related to the consumption of regional foods. Early diagnosis is an important factor in surveillance. There was a low frequency of cardiac alterations. Continuous follow-up of most patients was not carried out due to difficulty in getting to specialised centres; therefore, little is known about post-treatment.publishersversioninpres

Evaluation of metabolism and inflammatory activity in different forms of Chagas\' disease: correlation with autonomic dysfunction

INTRODUÇÃO: A cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) apresenta características específicas, tais como: disfunção autonômica e atividade inflamatória exacerbada. Esta fisiopatologia sugere que alguns parâmetros metabólicos podem estar alterados em pacientes chagásicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios nas diversas formas evolutivas de doença de Chagas e sua correlação com medidas de avaliação do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (SNA). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 60 indivíduos divididos em 4 grupos (n=15): Grupo controle (GC), Grupo FI - forma indeterminada, Grupo ECG- cardiopatia chagásica com alteração eletrocardiográfica sem disfunção ventricular e Grupo IC - cardiopatia chagásica com disfunção ventricular e insuficiência cardíaca. Todos os grupos foram pareados de acordo com sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal. Os pacientes realizaram dosagens sanguíneas de insulina, leptina, adiponectina, interleucina-6 (IL- 6) e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-alfa) pelo método de ELISA. O SNA foi avaliado através da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no holter 24 horas e no teste de inclinação postural. Os valores de RMSSD, pNN50 e do componente alta frequência (AF) foram utilizados como estimativa da atividade parassimpática. Os valores do componente de baixa frequência (BF) estimaram a atividade simpática. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando-se a ANOVA ou teste de Kruskal-Wallis para a comparação entre os grupos, o coeficiente de Spearman para a análise das correlações e a regressão linear múltipla para a análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: A leptina e insulina não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos [Leptina: GC=3,42 (7,43); FI=3,03 (6,53); ECG=5,56 (6,2); IC=2,86 (2,67) ng/ml; p=0,626. Insulina: GC=3,41 (1,98); FI=4,31 (2,85); ECG=4,30 (3,06); IC=4,58 (2,88) ng/ml; p=0,901] A adiponectina apresentou níveis maiores nos grupos ECG e IC [GC=4766,5 (5529,5); FI= 4003,5 (2482,5); ECG= 8376,5 (8388,5); IC= 8798 (4188) ng/ml; p < 0,001]. IL-6 e TNF-alfa foram maiores no Grupo IC [IL-6: GC=1,85 (6,41); FI=1,58 (1,91); ECG=1,0 (1,57); IC= 31,44 (72,19) pg/ml; p=0,001. TNF-?: GC=22,57 (88,2); FI=19,31 (33,16); ECG=12,45 (3,07); IC=75,15 (278,57) pg/ml; p=0,04]. A insulina, leptina e TNF-alfa não apresentaram correlações significativas com medidas de avaliação do SNA. A adiponectina apresentou correlação positiva com o componente AF (r= 0,336; p= 0,009) e correlação negativa com o componente BF (r= -0,336; p= 0,009). A interleucina-6 apresentou correlação positiva com o componente AF (r= 0,419; p=0,004) e correlação negativa com o componente BF (r= -0,393; p= 0,007). Porém, na análise multivariada apenas a adiponectina apresentou correlação significativa com medidas de função do SNA. CONCLUSÃO: A adiponectina foi maior nos grupos ECG e IC. A IL-6 e o TNF-alfa foram maiores no grupo IC. O aumento dos níveis de adiponectina esteve associado a diminuição da atividade simpática e predomínio da atividade parassimpática.BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) has specific characteristics such as autonomic dysfunction and increased inflammatory activity. This pathophysiology suggests that metabolic parameters can be altered in patients with CD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and inflammatory parameters in different forms of CD and their correlation with Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) measures. METHODS: We evaluated 60 subjects divided into 4 groups (n=15): control group (CG), group IF (indeterminate form); group ECG (ECG abnormalities and normal left ventricular function in echocardiogram) and HF group (heart failure with left ventricular dysfunction). All groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. The patients underwent insulin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-alfa) measurements by ELISA. The Autonomic Nervous System was assessed by heart rate variability in 24-hour Holter and tilt test. RMSSD, pNN50 and High Frequency (HF) component values were used to estimate parasympathetic activity and low frequency (LF) components were used to estimate sympathetic activity. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA or Kruskal- Wallis tests to compare groups. Spearman coefficient was used for correlation analysis and linear regression for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in leptin and insulin levels between groups. [Leptin: CG=3.42 (7.43); IF=3.03 (6.53); ECG=5.56 (6.2); HF=2.86 (2.67) ng/ml; p=0.626. Insulin: CG=3.41 (1.98); IF=4.31 (2.85); ECG=4.30 (3.06); HF=4.58 (2.88) ng/ml; p=0.901]. Adiponectin was higher in ECG and HF groups. [CG=4766.5 .(5529.5); IF= 4003.5 (2482.5); ECG= 8376.5 (8388.5); HF= 8798 (4188) ng/ml; p < 0.001)]. IL-6 and TNF-alfa were higher in HF group. [IL-6: CG=1.85 (6.41); IF=1.58 (1.91); ECG=1.0 (1.57); HF= 31.44 (72.19) pg/ml; p=0.001. TNF-alfa: CG=22.57 (88.2); IF=19.31 (33.16); ECG=12.45 (3.07); HF=75.15 (278.57) pg/ml; p=0.04]. Insulin, leptin and TNF-alfa did not correlate with autonomic dysfunction. Adiponectin correlated positively with HF component (r=0.336; p= 0.009) and inversely with LF component (r= -0.336; p=0.009). IL-6 correlated positively with HF component (r= 0.419; p=0.004) and inversely with LF component (r= -0.393; p= 0.007). However, in multivariate analysis only adiponectin correlated significantly with ANS measures. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin levels were higher in ECG and HF groups. IL-6 and TNF-alfa were higher in HF group. Higher levels of adiponectin were associated with reduced sympathetic activity and predominance of parasympathetic activit

Chronic Heart Disease after Treatment of Oral Acute Chagas Disease

Abstract We describe the recurrence of cardiac abnormalities in a patient treated during the acute phase of Chagas disease after outpatient follow-up of 5 years

Cardiopatia chagásica crônica na Amazônia: uma etiologia a ser lembrada Cardiopatía chagásica crónica en la Amazonía: una etiología que recordar Chronic chagasic cardiopathy in Amazon region: an etiology to remember

Este estudo avaliou a frequência de cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) em 37 pacientes autóctones da Amazônia com disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda sem etiologia definida. Foram diagnosticados três casos com frequência de 8,1% no grupo estudado.<br>Este estudio evaluó la frecuencia de cardiopatía chagásica crónica (CCC) en 37 pacientes autóctonos de la Amazonía con disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda sin etiología definida. Se diagnosticaron tres casos con frecuencia del 8,1% en el grupo estudiado.<br>This study assessed the frequency of chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) in 37 autochthonus patients from Amazon region with left ventricular systolic dysfunction of undefined etiology. Three cases were diagnosed in the studied sample, with an 8.1% frequency

Cardiovascular changes in patients with non-severe Plasmodium vivax malaria

Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-01-23T12:18:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Alencar_Filho_Aristoteles_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 261280 bytes, checksum: 07ee8624775d2593a309de3e410f7153 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-01-24T11:07:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Alencar_Filho_Aristoteles_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 261280 bytes, checksum: 07ee8624775d2593a309de3e410f7153 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-24T11:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Alencar_Filho_Aristoteles_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 261280 bytes, checksum: 07ee8624775d2593a309de3e410f7153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Amazonas Federal University. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Amazonas State University. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Emory University. Atlanta, GA, USA.North University Center. Pharmacy School. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Amazonas State University. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Tropical Disease Center “Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado”. Manaus, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Estadual Paulista. Botucatu Medical School. Botucatu, SP, Brazil.Amazonas State University. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Research Center Leonidas and Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Universidade Estadual Paulista. Botucatu Medical School. Botucatu, SP, Brazil.Cardiovascular system involvement in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria has been poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac structures and function, and serum markers of cardiovascular injury in patients with the non-severe form of vivax malaria in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Morbidade da doença de Chagas em pacientes autóctones da microrregião do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas Morbidity of Chagas disease among autochthonous patients from the Rio Negro microregion, State of Amazonas

INTRODUÇÃO: Foi realizado um estudo soroepidemiológico e clínico em 152 indivíduos residentes no município de Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas. Avaliou-se a soroprevalência da infecção chagásica e a morbidade da doença de Chagas. MÉTODOS: Os testes sorológicos foram a imunofluorescência indireta, ELISA convencional e recombinante e o Tesa-blot. Foram considerados soropositivos 38 pacientes, duvidosos 31 e soronegativos negativos 83. Os 38 casos soropositivos foram pareados com 38 controles soronegativos da mesma idade, sexo e submetidos à avaliação epidemiológica, clínica, eletro e ecocardiográfica, sendo que, 29 pares fizeram exame radiológico do esôfago. RESULTADOS: A soropositividade foi 19,9 vezes mais frequente nos trabalhadores do extrativismo em geral e 10,4 vezes mais frequente no extrativismo da piaçaba. Aplicou-se o teste de reconhecimento com o vetor local do gênero Rhodnius e 86,7% dos pacientes soropositivos o reconheceram, enquanto somente 34,2% dos soronegativos o fizeram. O ECG mostrou-se alterado em 36,8% nos soropositivos e em 21,5% nos soronegativos, enquanto o ecocardiograma mostrou alterações em 31,6% nos soropositivos e 18,4% nos soronegativos. Precordialgia e palpitações foram mais frequentes nos soropositivos. O estudo clínico do aparelho digestivo e radiológico do esôfago não mostrou alterações significativas. CONCLUSÕES. A doença de Chagas na região estudada pode ser considerada uma doença ocupacional.<br>INTRODUCTION: A seroepidemiological and clinical study was conducted on 152 autochthonous individuals living in the district of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chagas infection and morbidity of Chagas disease. METHODS: The serological tests used were indirect immunofluorescence, conventional and recombinant ELISA and immunoblot (Tesa-blot). Thirty-eight patients were considered seropositive; 31 were considered serodoubtful; and 83 were considered seronegative. The 38 seropositive cases were paired with 38 seronegative controls of the same age and sex, and underwent epidemiological and clinical evaluations, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Twenty-nine pairs underwent radiological examinations of the esophagus. RESULTS: Seropositivity was 19.9 times more frequent among workers gathering plant materials from the forests and 10.4 times more frequent among piassaba gatherers. Eighty six point seven percent of the seropositive individuals recognized the genus Rhodnius as the local vector, while only 34.2% of the seronegative individuals recognized this. The EKG was abnormal in 36.8% of the seropositive individuals and in 21.5% of the seronegative individuals, while the echocardiogram showed abnormalities in 31.6% of the seropositive and 18.4% of the seronegative individuals. Precordialgia and palpitation were more frequent among the seropositive individuals. Clinical evaluation on the digestive system and X-ray on the esophagus did not show significant abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Chagas disease in the study region can be considered to be an occupational disease

Chagas disease in the State of Amazonas: history, epidemiological evolution, risks of endemicity and future perspectives

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic infection that originated in the Americas and is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. In the last few years, the disease has spread to countries in North America, Asia and Europe due to the migration of Latin Americans. In the Brazilian Amazon, CD has an endemic transmission, especially in the Rio Negro region, where an occupational hazard was described for piaçaveiros (piassaba gatherers). In the State of Amazonas, the first chagasic infection was reported in 1977, and the first acute CD case was recorded in 1980. After initiatives to integrate acute CD diagnostics with the malaria laboratories network, reports of acute CD cases have increased. Most of these cases are associated with oral transmission by the consumption of contaminated food. Chronic cases have also been diagnosed, mostly in the indeterminate form. These cases were detected by serological surveys in cardiologic outpatient clinics and during blood donor screening. Considering that the control mechanisms adopted in Brazil's classic transmission areas are not fully applicable in the Amazon, it is important to understand the disease behavior in this region, both in the acute and chronic cases. Therefore, the pursuit of control measures for the Amazon region should be a priority given that CD represents a challenge to preserving the way of life of the Amazon's inhabitants