ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Avaliação radiográfica da cobertura acetabular à cabeça femoral, após osteotomia tripla e aplicação de cunha sacroilíaca, em pelve de cadáveres de cães

Na tentativa de evitar algumas das dificuldades associadas à osteotomia pélvica tripla (OPT), foi desenvolvido experimentalmente o método de aplicação de cunha na junção sacroilíaca para aumentar a ventroversão acetabular. O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar as técnicas de cunha sacroilíaca e OPT em cadáveres e avaliar radiograficamente a eficácia da ventroversão acetabular. Para tal, foram utilizados 10 cadáveres de cães, adultos, com 15-25 kg. em cada hemipelve direita foi realizada OPT com placas de 20° e 40°. Na hemipelve esquerda foram aplicadas cunhas nas articulações sacroilíacas de 20° e 40°. Avaliações radiográficas em projeções ventrodorsais foram realizadas para mensuração da cobertura acetabular à cabeça femoral nas duas técnicas. de acordo com os dados obtidos pode-se observar que não houve diferença entre a técnica de OPT e o uso de cunha sacroilíaca utilizando implantes de 20° e 40°, mas ocorreu diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os cães antes e após a aplicação dos implantes de 20° e 40°, e também entre os que receberam implantes de 20° e os de 40°. A aplicação de cunha sacroilíaca produziu resultados semelhantes à OPT, e também se mostrou como de mais fácil aplicação.Attempting to avoid difficulties associated to triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), the sacroiliac wedge method was experimentally developed to increase the acetabular ventroversion. The goal of this study was to apply the techniques of sacroiliac wedge and TPO to canine cadavers and radiographically evaluate the efficacy of acetabular ventroversion. Ten cadavers of adult dogs weighting 15-25 kg were used. To each right hemipelvis the technique of TPO with 20° and 40° plates was applied. In the left hemipelvis, 20° and 40º wedges in the sacroiliac joint were applied. Radiographic evaluations in standard projections were carried out for measurement of the acetabular covering of the head of the femur in the two techniques. There was no significant differences between TPO and the use of sacroiliac wedge using implants of 20° and 40°, however a significant difference (p<0,05) could be observed before and after application of the 20° and 40° implants, as well as between those that received 20° and of 40° implants. The application of sacroiliac wedge produced similar results of those observed in TPO, and it is more feasible.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Avaliação histopatológica e histomicrobiológica de dentes de cães, após tratamento endodôntico com hidróxido de cálcio e guta-percha com óxido de zinco e eugenol

Avaliou-se a presença de microrganismos nas estruturas dentais com necrose pulpar induzida experimentalmente, testando a eficácia de materiais com relação à atividade antibacteriana e influência no reparo tecidual. Utilizaram-se quatro cães, totalizando 64 raízes, provenientes de pré-molares, divididas em grupos. O Grupo I foi obturado com guta percha e cimento à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol, o Grupo II, com hidróxido de cálcio e o Grupo III, não foram obturados. Todos tiveram controle clínico e radiográfico quinzenal e após 120 dias, foram extraídos em bloco para análises. A histopatologia evidenciou infiltrado inflamatório, reabsorção cementária e óssea e tecido necrótico no delta apical, em diferentes proporções. A histomicrobiologia revelou presença de microrganismos nas estruturas estudadas, variando de acordo com o tratamento utilizado. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística e foram significantes entre si (p>0,05). A guta-percha com óxido de zinco e eugenol apresentou-se eficaz com relação à atividade antibacteriana. O hidróxido de cálcio não se mostrou eficaz. Os resultados obtidos através da utilização destes materiais deixaram evidente que a guta-percha associada ao óxido de zinco e eugenol é o melhor protocolo a ser utilizado no tratamento endodôntico em cães.The presence of microorganisms in dental structures with experimentally induced necrosis was evaluated. The materials were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and tissue repair efficacy. Four dogs were used in this experiment, with a total of 64 roots of premolar teeth, divided into three groups. The root canals of Group I were filled with gutta-percha and zinc oxide/eugenol cement; Group II were filled with calcium hydroxide, and Group III were not filled. All animals were clinically and radiographically examined 15 days after surgery andthen again every subsequent 15 days until 120 days, when the teeth were extracted en bloc.Histopathological analysis showed inflammatory infiltration, cement and bone resorption andnecrotic tissue in the apical delta in different proportions. Histomicrobiological analysis showedthe presence of microorganisms inside the teeth structures, with different concentrationsaccording to the treatment used. There was statistical significance between the groups(p>0.05). Gutta-percha with zinc oxide/eugenol demonstrated good antimicrobial activity;calcium hydroxide was not efficient. The conclusion of this study is that gutta-percha withzinc oxide/eugenol is the better protocol for filling root canals in dogs

Description and post-operative evaluation of tie-in technique in tibial osteosynthesis in dogs

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the adaptability and functionality of tie-in configuration in tibial osteosynthesis in dogs. Twenty dogs with tibial fracture were included in this study. An orifice was made on the proximal tibial fragment, on the medial side, close to the tibial crest. The drill piece was angled at 45º and projected into the same orifice on the distal sense of the bone. Others orifices made with the aid of a low rotation drill and drill piece with diameter smaller than the chosen implant. After 10 days post-operative, the animals were evaluated. X-ray analysis was performed at the time of clinical examination; immediate post-operative period; and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days post-surgery. A questionnaire was given to the owners to provide details on the post-operative period. There were no trans-operative complications or suture dehiscence up to the day of suture removal. Partial development of bone callus was observed in 20 dogs within a mean period of 76 days. Three animals showed bone consolidation within 35 days, nine by 60 days, three by 90 days, and 5 by 120 days post-operative. Dynamization was carried out in 9 animals. The surgical access to the tibial medullary canal through the orifice at the proximal medial face, by the tibial tuberosity, enables the insertion of IMP without risks to articular and peri-articular lesions in the knee in dogs

Lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogeneic bone implant used as a spacer for advancement of a modified tibial tuberosity in the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogeneic freeze-dried bone wedge as a spacer for advancement of a modified tibial tuberosity (mTTA) in 16 knees that were clinically diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Patients underwent radiography before the surgical procedure as well as immediately after surgery and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-surgery, and their locomotion was evaluated at the same time points except for the immediate postoperative period. The surgical wounds were evaluated for signs of infection and rejection of the bone implant. Locomotion was graded on a scale of 0-5, with 0 indicating no limping and 5 indicating limb functional impotence. The "tibial-tibial bone-tibial implant" interfaces were evaluated radiographically, and each interface was assigned scores of 0-3, with 0 indicating no contact between the implant and adjacent bone and 3 indicating a bone bridge throughout the interface. The patients showed good clinical and radiographic recovery. The lyophilized bone spacer allowed for easy storage and transport and rapid and satisfactory execution of mTTA while showing resistance to drilling and fixation with screws in 87.5% of cases and a mean surgical time of 45.9 minutes. No immunogenic reactions were observed in 93.7% of the cases. One patient presented infection of the surgical focus, which showed remission after antimicrobial therapy. All patients showed functional recovery of the operated limb, with the number of clinically healthy patients being higher than those with claudication at 120 days (p ≤ 0.05). In all patients, it was possible to verify the incorporation of the bone implant into the tibia. Bone union occurred progressively, and the degrees of bone union observed on radiographs at postoperative days 60, 90, and 120 were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those observed in the immediate postoperative period and at 30 days