Postmalaria neurological syndrome: a case report

Described here is a case of postmalaria neurological syndrome in a patient who presented infection by Plasmodium falciparum two months earlier. The patient received empiric use of acyclovir for herpetic meningoencephalitis, but neuropsychiatric symptoms improved only after administration of methylprednisolone

HIV specific humoral immune response in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The HEC/Fiocruz AIDS Clinical Research Group.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-08-12T16:58:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bongertz V HIV Specific Humoral....pdf: 113169 bytes, checksum: 203f033b0f6c4e306ef1664dc658d0e6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-12T16:58:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bongertz V HIV Specific Humoral....pdf: 113169 bytes, checksum: 203f033b0f6c4e306ef1664dc658d0e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz. Hospital Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilCentro de Informações em Ciência e Tecnologia. Fiocruz, RJ, BrasilHospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu. Nova Igaçu, RJ, BrasilHospital dos Servidores do Estado. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilSecretaria da Saúde e Meio Ambiente. Porto Alegre, RS, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Programa Nacional DST AIDS. Brasília, DF, BrasilNEPAD. Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEfforts to characterize HIV-1 polymorphism and anti-HIV immune response are being made in areas where anti-HIV/AIDS vaccines are to be employed. Anti-HIV-1 humoral immune response is being studied in infected individuals residents in Rio de Janeiro, in distinct cohorts involving recent seroconvertors, pregnant women or intravenous drug users (IDU). Comparative analyses of specificity of antibody response towards epitopes important for anti-HIV-1 immune response indicate quantitative differences between cohorts, with an exceptionally strong response in IDUs and weakest response in pregnant women. However, a comparative analysis between pregnant women cohorts from Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul indicated an even lower response (with exception of the anti-V3-C clade peptide recognition) for the southern cohort. Studies analysing the immune function of the humoral response indicate a quite elevated occurrence of antibodies capable for neutralizing heterologous primary HIV-1 isolates from Rio de Janeiro. Attempts to correlate seroreactivity with HIV-1 neutralization with respect to HIV-1 polymorphism were not very successful: while the Brazilian B clade B " variant could be recognized by binding assays, no significant distinction of HIV-1 clades/variants was observed in viral neutralization assays

Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2) : results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Background Despite the availability of effective vaccines against COVID-19, booster vaccinations are needed to maintain vaccine-induced protection against variant strains and breakthrough infections. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Janssen) as primary vaccination plus a booster dose. Methods ENSEMBLE2 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial including crossover vaccination after emergency authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines. Adults aged at least 18 years without previous COVID-19 vaccination at public and private medical practices and hospitals in Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany, the Philippines, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the USA were randomly assigned 1:1 via a computer algorithm to receive intramuscularly administered Ad26.COV2.S as a primary dose plus a booster dose at 2 months or two placebo injections 2 months apart. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy against the first occurrence of molecularly confirmed moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 with onset at least 14 days after booster vaccination, which was assessed in participants who received two doses of vaccine or placebo, were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR at baseline and on serology at baseline and day 71, had no major protocol deviations, and were at risk of COVID-19 (ie, had no PCR-positive result or discontinued the study before day 71). Safety was assessed in all participants; reactogenicity, in terms of solicited local and systemic adverse events, was assessed as a secondary endpoint in a safety subset (approximately 6000 randomly selected participants). The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04614948, and is ongoing. Findings Enrolment began on Nov 16, 2020, and the primary analysis data cutoff was June 25, 2021. From 34 571 participants screened, the double-blind phase enrolled 31 300 participants, 14 492 of whom received two doses (7484 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 7008 in the placebo group) and 11 639 of whom were eligible for inclusion in the assessment of the primary endpoint (6024 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 5615 in the placebo group). The median (IQR) follow-up post-booster vaccination was 36 center dot 0 (15 center dot 0-62 center dot 0) days. Vaccine efficacy was 75 center dot 2% (adjusted 95% CI 54 center dot 6-87 center dot 3) against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 (14 cases in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 52 cases in the placebo group). Most cases were due to the variants alpha (B.1.1.7) and mu (B.1.621); endpoints for the primary analysis accrued from Nov 16, 2020, to June 25, 2021, before the global dominance of delta (B.1.617.2) or omicron (B.1.1.529). The booster vaccine exhibited an acceptable safety profile. The overall frequencies of solicited local and systemic adverse events (evaluated in the safety subset, n=6067) were higher among vaccine recipients than placebo recipients after the primary and booster doses. The frequency of solicited adverse events in the Ad26.COV2.S group were similar following the primary and booster vaccinations (local adverse events, 1676 [55 center dot 6%] of 3015 vs 896 [57 center dot 5%] of 1559, respectively; systemic adverse events, 1764 [58 center dot 5%] of 3015 vs 821 [52 center dot 7%] of 1559, respectively). Solicited adverse events were transient and mostly grade 1-2 in severity. Interpretation A homologous Ad26.COV2.S booster administered 2 months after primary single-dose vaccination in adults had an acceptable safety profile and was efficacious against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19. Studies assessing efficacy against newer variants and with longer follow-up are needed. Funding Janssen Research & Development. Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd