65 research outputs found
End-to-end spoken language understanding using joint CTC loss and self-supervised, pretrained acoustic encoders
It is challenging to extract semantic meanings directly from audio signals in
spoken language understanding (SLU), due to the lack of textual information.
Popular end-to-end (E2E) SLU models utilize sequence-to-sequence automatic
speech recognition (ASR) models to extract textual embeddings as input to infer
semantics, which, however, require computationally expensive auto-regressive
decoding. In this work, we leverage self-supervised acoustic encoders
fine-tuned with Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) to extract textual
embeddings and use joint CTC and SLU losses for utterance-level SLU tasks.
Experiments show that our model achieves 4% absolute improvement over the the
state-of-the-art (SOTA) dialogue act classification model on the DSTC2 dataset
and 1.3% absolute improvement over the SOTA SLU model on the SLURP dataset.Comment: ICASSP 202
Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Flagellar Assembly in Shewanella oneidensis
Shewanella oneidensis is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum. Unlike most flagellated bacteria, it contains only one major chromosome segment encoding the components of the flagellum with the exception of the motor proteins. In this region, three genes encode flagellinsaccording to the original genome annotation. However, we find that only flaA and flaB encode functional filament subunits. Although these two genesare under the control of different promoters, they are actively transcribed and subsequently translated, producing a considerable number of flagellin proteins. Additionally, both flagellins are able to interact with their chaperon FliS and are subjected to feedback regulation. Furthermore, FlaA and FlaB are glycosylated by a pathwayinvolving a major glycosylating enzyme,PseB, in spite of the lack of the majority of theconsensus glycosylation sites. In conclusion, flagellar assembly in S. oneidensis has novel features despite the conservation of homologous genes across taxa
Genome duplication increases meiotic recombination frequency:a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model
Coordinated Replay Sample Selection for Continual Federated Learning
Continual Federated Learning (CFL) combines Federated Learning (FL), the
decentralized learning of a central model on a number of client devices that
may not communicate their data, and Continual Learning (CL), the learning of a
model from a continual stream of data without keeping the entire history. In
CL, the main challenge is \textit{forgetting} what was learned from past data.
While replay-based algorithms that keep a small pool of past training data are
effective to reduce forgetting, only simple replay sample selection strategies
have been applied to CFL in prior work, and no previous work has explored
coordination among clients for better sample selection. To bridge this gap, we
adapt a replay sample selection objective based on loss gradient diversity to
CFL and propose a new relaxation-based selection of samples to optimize the
objective. Next, we propose a practical algorithm to coordinate gradient-based
replay sample selection across clients without communicating private data. We
benchmark our coordinated and uncoordinated replay sample selection algorithms
against random sampling-based baselines with language models trained on a large
scale de-identified real-world text dataset. We show that gradient-based sample
selection methods both boost performance and reduce forgetting compared to
random sampling methods, with our coordination method showing gains early in
the low replay size regime (when the budget for storing past data is small).Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted to EMNLP (industry track
Analysis of the Association between Intestinal Microflora and Long-lived Elderly People
The intestinal microbiota is the cornerstone of the human intestinal microecosystem and plays an unnegligible role in the growth and health maintenance of the human body. In recent years, many studies have been committed to exploring the potential connection of gut flora and the elderly population. The changes of gut flora are affected by various factors such as age increase, disease, medication, living habits, nutritional structure, and the intestinal flora is expected to be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of elderly health and longevity in the future. Based on this, the research progress of the general elderly and its related influencing factors
A magnetic field sensor based on a dual S-tapered multimode fiber interferometer
A multimode interferometer (MMI) for the measurement of a magnetic field based on concatenated S-tapered fibers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Spectrally interrogated magnetic field sensing is achieved by integrating the proposed MMI with magnetic fluids. The magnetic sensitivity of the MMI reaches 0.011 dB Oe?1. Owing to its desirable advantages such as compactness, low cost, fast response and flexible structure, the proposed MMI is anticipated to find potential applications in in situ measurements of the magnetic field
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