11 research outputs found
Reflection-Tuning: Data Recycling Improves LLM Instruction-Tuning
Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded the
horizons of natural language understanding and generation. Notably, the output
control and alignment with the input of LLMs can be refined through instruction
tuning. However, as highlighted in several studies, low-quality data in the
training set are usually detrimental to instruction tuning, resulting in
inconsistent or even misleading LLM outputs. We propose a novel method, termed
"reflection-tuning," which addresses the problem by self-improvement and
judging capabilities of LLMs. This approach utilizes an oracle LLM to recycle
the original training data by introspecting and enhancing the quality of
instructions and responses in the data. Extensive experiments on widely used
evaluation benchmarks show that LLMs trained with our recycled data outperform
those trained with existing datasets in various benchmarks
From Quantity to Quality: Boosting LLM Performance with Self-Guided Data Selection for Instruction Tuning
In the realm of Large Language Models, the balance between instruction data
quality and quantity has become a focal point. Recognizing this, we introduce a
self-guided methodology for LLMs to autonomously discern and select cherry
samples from vast open-source datasets, effectively minimizing manual curation
and potential cost for instruction tuning an LLM. Our key innovation, the
Instruction-Following Difficulty (IFD) metric, emerges as a pivotal tool to
identify discrepancies between a model's expected responses and its autonomous
generation prowess. Through the adept application of IFD, cherry samples are
pinpointed, leading to a marked uptick in model training efficiency. Empirical
validations on renowned datasets like Alpaca and WizardLM underpin our
findings; with a mere 10% of conventional data input, our strategy showcases
improved results. This synthesis of self-guided cherry-picking and the IFD
metric signifies a transformative leap in the optimization of LLMs, promising
both efficiency and resource-conscious advancements. Codes, data, and models
are available: https://github.com/MingLiiii/Cherry_LL
Stemphylium lycopersici Nep1-like Protein (NLP) Is a Key Virulence Factor in Tomato Gray Leaf Spot Disease
The fungus Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is an economically important plant pathogen that causes grey leaf spot disease in tomato. However, functional genomic studies in S. lycopersici are lacking, and the factors influencing its pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we present the first example of genetic transformation and targeted gene replacement in S. lycopersici. We functionally analyzed the NLP gene, which encodes a necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). We found that targeted disruption of the NLP gene in S. lycopersici significantly compromised its virulence on tomato. Moreover, our data suggest that NLP affects S. lycopersici conidiospore production and weakly affects its adaptation to osmotic and oxidative stress. Interestingly, we found that NLP suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomato leaves during S. lycopersici infection. Further, expressing the fungal NLP in tomato resulted in constitutive transcription of immune-responsive genes and inhibited plant growth. Through gene manipulation, we demonstrated the function of NLP in S. lycopersici virulence and development. Our work provides a paradigm for functional genomics studies in a non-model fungal pathogen system
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The forms of bioavailability of phosphorus in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates
A sequential extraction method was utilized to analyze seven forms of P in an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVFCW) containing earthworms and different substrates. The aluminum-bound P (Al-P) content was found to be lower, and the occluded P (Oc-P) content was higher in the IVFCW. The addition of earthworms into the influent chamber of IVFCW increased the exchange P (Ex-P), iron-bound P (Fe-P), calcium bound P (Ca-P), Oc-P, detritus-bound (De-P) and organic P (Org-P) content in the influent chamber, and also enhanced P content uptake by wetland plants. A significantly positive correlation between P content of above-ground wetland plants and the Ex-P, Fe-P, Oc-P and Org-P content in the rhizosphere was found (P < 0.05), which indicated that the Ex-P, Fe-P, Oc-P and Org-P could be bio-available P. The Ex-P, Fe-P, De-P, Oc-P and Ca-P content of the influent chamber was higher where the substrate contained a mixture of Qing sand and river sand rather than only river sand. Also the IVFCW with earthworms and both Qing sand and river sand had a higher removal efficiency of P, which was related to higher P content uptake by wetland plants and P retained in IVFCW. These findings suggest that addition of earthworms in IVFCW increases the bioavailable P content, resulting in enhanced P content uptake by wetland plants
Ecological trade‐offs between jasmonic acid‐dependent direct and indirect plant defences in tritrophic interactions
Mediator Subunit MED25 Physically Interacts with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 to Regulate Shade-Induced Hypocotyl Elongation in Tomato
MYC2 Orchestrates a Hierarchical Transcriptional Cascade That Regulates Jasmonate-Mediated Plant Immunity in Tomato
Phosphorus removal from aqueous solution in parent and aluminum-modified eggshells: thermodynamics and kinetics, adsorption mechanism, and diffusion process
A Snapshot of the Emerging Tomato Genome Sequence
The genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is being sequenced by an international consortium of 10 countries (Korea, China, the United Kingdom, India, the Netherlands, France, Japan, Spain, Italy, and the United States) as part of the larger \u201cInternational Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL): Systems Approach to Diversity and Adaptation\u201d initiative. The tomato genome sequencing project uses an ordered bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) approach to generate a high-quality tomato euchromatic genome sequence for use as a reference genome for the Solanaceae and euasterids. Sequence is deposited at GenBank and at the SOL Genomics Network (SGN). Currently, there are around 1000 BACs finished or in progress, representing more than a third of the projected euchromatic portion of the genome. An annotation effort is also underway by the International Tomato Annotation Group. The expected number of genes in the euchromatin is 3c40,000, based on an estimate from a preliminary annotation of 11% of finished sequence. Here, we present this first snapshot of the emerging tomato genome and its annotation, a short comparison with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) sequence data, and the tools available for the researchers to exploit this new resource are also presented. In the future, whole-genome shotgun techniques will be combined with the BAC-by-BAC approach to cover the entire tomato genome. The high-quality reference euchromatic tomato sequence is expected to be near completion by 2010