15 research outputs found

    Inhibition assay for anti-IFN-γ antibody by competition with different concentrations of IFN-γ among 20 cases.

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    <p>Sera at 1∶2,000 dilution were incubated with different concentrations of recombinant human IFN-γ, ranging from 80 to 0.02 ng/ml for 1 hour at 37°C. Unbound anti-IFN-γ antibody was then detected by ELISA. The results show the average ± standard error of the means (SEM) O.D. values.</p

    Levels of autoantibody to IFN-γ as determined by ELISA among 20 cases, 20 HIV-controls, and 20 healthy controls.

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    <p>Each symbol represents the data of one individual. Solid lines show the mean ± 95% confidence interval of each group.</p

    Comparison of Immunogenicity and Safety of Four Doses and Four Double Doses vs. Standard Doses of Hepatitis B Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>HBV vaccination is recommended in HIV-infected adults with CD4+ cell count >200/mm<sup>3</sup> although the efficacy is only 33.3% -65%. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three regimens of HBV vaccination at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>From February 4, 2011 to May 4, 2012, 132 HIV-infected adults with CD4+ cell counts >200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA, and negative for all HBV markers were randomly assigned to receive one of three recombinant vaccine (Hepavax-Gene<sup>®</sup> Berna, Korea) regimens: 20 μg IM at months 0, 1, and 6 (Standard doses group, n=44), 20 μg IM at months 0, 1, 2, 6 (four doses group, n=44), or 40 μg IM at months 0, 1, 2, and 6 (four double doses group, n=44). The primary outcomes were to compare the immunogenicity and safety between the four-doses groups with the Standard doses group.</p> <p>Results</p><p>At months 7 and 12, the percentages of responders (anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL) were 88.6% and 70.4% in the Standard doses group, 93.2% and 86.4% in the four doses group, (<i>P</i>=0.713 and 0.119), and 95.4% and 88.6% in the four double doses group, (<i>P</i>=0.434 and 0.062), respectively. Factors associated with a high titer level (anti-HBs ≥100 mIU/mL) were vaccination schedule and younger age. The most common adverse event was pain at the injection site (42.4%); this was significantly more frequent in the four double doses group compared to the Standard doses group. No serious adverse events were observed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>In Northern Thailand, the standard three-doses HBV vaccination in HIV-infected adults with CD4+ cell counts >200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA is highly effective. Although regimens of four injections of either standard or double doses could not significantly increase the response rate, these regimens may induce higher levels of antibody to the virus.</p> <p>Trial registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT1289106; <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01289106" target="_blank">http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01289106</a></p> </div

    Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases of HIV-negative (HIV−) adult-onset immunodeficiency versus HIV-infected (HIV+) and healthy controls (from reference [9]).

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    a<p>Data are expressed as the numbers of subjects, with percentage in parentheses (%), or as central tendency as means plus or minus (±) standard deviation in parentheses.</p>b<p>Comparison between cases and HIV+ controls. Boldfacing indicates statistical significance.</p>c<p>Comparison between cases and healthy controls. Boldfacing indicates statistical significance.</p>d<p>OD = Optical Density.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases of HIV-negative (HIV−) adult-onset immunodeficiency versus HIV-infected (HIV+) and healthy controls (from reference <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110276#pone.0110276-Wongkulab1" target="_blank">[9]</a>).</p

    Cytokine production by CD4 and CD8 T cells, by CD4 and CD8 T-cell types, and by fold increase upon stimulation.

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    <p>PBMCs were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin or by no mitogen stimulant for 24 hours. Cells were harvested and stained with fluorochrome conjugated CD3, CD4, CD8, IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF-α mAbs. PBMCs were gated by forward and side scatter and the CD3<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte population was identified (A). IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF-α expression in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (B) or CD8+ T cells (C) were then examined. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110276#pone-0110276-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2D and 2E</a> show fold increase of IFN-γ, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110276#pone-0110276-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2F and 2G</a> fold increases of IL-2, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110276#pone-0110276-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2H and 2I</a> fold increases of TNF-α production in response to PHA, compared to cells cultured with no mitogen stimulant. Symbols represents the data of each individual case patient (circles), HIV+ control (up-pointing triangles), and healthy control (down-pointing triangles). Long horizontal lines show the medians, and short lines the interquartile ranges of each group. Indicated <i>p</i> values for comparisons are by Kruskal-wallis one-way analysis of variance by rank test.</p
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