21 research outputs found
Fabrication of three-dimensional microdisk resonators in calcium fluoride by femtosecond laser micromachining
We report on fabrication of on-chip calcium fluoride (CaF2) microdisk
resonators using water-assisted femtosecond laser micromachining. Focused ion
beam (FIB) milling is used to create ultra-smooth sidewalls. The quality
(Q)-factors of the fabricated microresonators are measured to be 4.2x10^4 at
wavelengths near 1550 nm. The Q factor is mainly limited by the scattering from
the bottom surface of the disk whose roughness remains high due to the
femtosecond laser micromachining process. This technique facilitates formation
of on-chip microresonators on various kinds of bulk crystalline materials,
which can benefit a wide range of applications such as nonlinear optics,
quantum optics, and chip-level integration of photonic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
On-chip tuning of the resonant wavelength in a high-Q microresonator integrated with a microheater
We report on fabrication of a microtoroid resonator of high-quality (high-Q)
factor integrated with an on-chip microheater. Both the microresonator and
microheater are fabricated using femtosecond laser three-dimensional (3D)
micromachining. The microheater, which is located about 200 micron away from
the microresonator, has a footprint size of 200 micron by 400 micron. Tuning of
the resonant wavelength in the microresonator has been achieved by varying the
voltage applied on the microheater. The drifting of the resonant wavelength
shows a linear dependence on the square of the voltage applied on the
microheater. We found that the response time of the microresonator is less than
10 secs which is significantly shorter than the time required for reaching a
thermal equilibrium on conventional heating instruments such as an external
electric heater
METTL3 promotes drug resistance to oxaliplatin in gastric cancer cells through DNA repair pathway
Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant threat to human health and remains a prevalent form of cancer. Despite clinical treatments, the prognosis for Gastric cancer patients is still unsatisfactory, largely due to the development of multidrug resistance. Oxaliplatin (OXA), a second-generation platinum drug, is commonly recommended for adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy in Gastric cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms of acquired resistance to Oxaliplatin in Gastric cancer patients are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Oxaliplatin resistance in Gastric cancer by employing bioinformatics analysis and conducting in vitro experiments. Specifically, we focused on investigating the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). Our findings revealed that the knockdown of METTL3 significantly impeded the proliferation and migration of Gastric cancer cells. METTL3 knockdown induced apoptosis in OXA-resistant Gastric cancer cells and enhanced their sensitivity to Oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we found that DNA repair pathways were significantly activated in OXA-resistant Gastric cancer cells, and METTL3 knockdown significantly inhibited DNA repair pathways. Another important finding is that METTL3 knockdown and OXA-induced Gastric cancer cell death are additive, and the targeted METTL3 can assist Oxaliplatin treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that METTL3 knockdown can augment the sensitivity of Gastric cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by impeding DNA repair processes. Consequently, targeting METTL3 holds great promise as a viable adjuvant strategy in the treatment of Gastric cancer patients
Fabrication of an integrated high-quality-factor (high-Q) optofluidic sensor by femtosecond laser micromachining
We report on fabrication of a microtoroid resonator of a high-quality factor
(i. e., Q-factor of ~3.24x10^6 measured under the critical coupling condition)
integrated in a microfluidic channel using femtosecond laser three-dimensional
(3D) micromachining. Coupling of light into and out of the microresonator has
been realized with a fiber taper that is reliably assembled with the
microtoroid. The assembly of the fiber to the microtoroid is achieved by
welding the fiber taper onto the sidewall of the microtoroid using CO_2 laser
irradiation. The integrated microresonator maintains a high Q-factor of
3.21x10^5 as measured in air, which should still be sufficient for many sensing
applications. We test the functionality of the integrated optofluidic sensor by
performing bulk refractive index sensing of purified water doped with tiny
amount of salt. It is shown that a detection limit of ~1.2x10^-4 refractive
index unit can be achieved. Our result showcases the capability of integration
of high-Q microresonators with complex microfluidic systems using femtosecond
laser 3D micromachining.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1402.135
Kinematic numerators from the worldsheet : cubic trees from labelled trees
In this note we revisit the problem of explicitly computing tree-level scattering amplitudes in various theories in any dimension from worldsheet formulas. The latter are known to produce cubic-tree expansion of tree amplitudes with kinematic numerators automatically satisfying Jacobi-identities, once any half-integrand on the worldsheet is reduced to logarithmic functions. We review a natural class of worldsheet functions called "Cayley functions", which are in one-to-one correspondence with labelled trees, and natural expansions of known half-integrands onto them with coefficients that are particularly compact building blocks of kinematic numerators. We present a general formula expressing kinematic numerators of all cubic trees as linear combinations of coefficients of labelled trees, which satisfy Jacobi identities by construction and include the usual combinations in terms of master numerators as a special case. Our results provide an efficient algorithm, which is implemented in a MATHEMATICA package, for computing all tree amplitudes in theories including non-linear sigma model, special Galileon, Yang-Mills-scalar, Einstein-Yang-Mills and Dirac-Born-Infeld
Analyzing the Impact of Highways Associated with Farmland Loss under Rapid Urbanization
Highway construction has accelerated urban growth and induced direct and indirect changes to land use. Although many studies have analyzed the relationship between highway construction and local development, relatively less attention has been paid to clarifying the various impacts of highways associated with farmland loss. This paper integrates GIS spatial analysis, remote sensing, buffer analysis and landscape metrics to analyze the landscape pattern change induced by direct and indirect highway impacts. This paper explores the interaction between the impact of highways and farmland loss, using the case of the highly urbanized traffic hubs in eastern China, Hang-Jia-Hu Plain. Our results demonstrate that the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain experienced extensive highway construction during 1990–2010, with a clear acceleration of expressway development since 2000. This unprecedented highway construction has directly fragmented the regional landscape and indirectly disturbed the regional landscape by attracting a large amount of built-up land transition from farmland during the last two decades. In the highway-effect zone, serious farmland loss initially occurred in the urban region and then spread to the rural region. Moreover, we found the discontinuous expansion of built-up land scattered the farmland in the rural region and expressway-effect zone. Furthermore, farmland protection policies in the 1990s had the effect of controlling the total area of farmland loss. However, the cohesive farmland structure was still fragmented by the direct and indirect impacts of highway construction. We suggest that an overall farmland protection system should be established to enhance spatial control and mitigate the adverse impacts caused by highway construction. This work improves the understanding of regional sustainable development, and provides a scientific basis for balanced urban development with farmland protection in decision-making processes
Performance of a collector-storage solar air heating system for building mechanical ventilation preheating in the cold area
The application of solar thermal energy to preheat cold fresh air for mechanical ventilation could save a lot of energy and ensure the stable operation of the ventilation system. In this paper, a kind of collector-storage solar air heating system (CSSAHS), in which the thermal storage unit (TSU) is characterized by a dual S-channel for heat transfer, is proposed and the mathematical model for the integrated system was established. The model including the TSU, solar air collector, heat recovery device, and the fan was verified by an experimental study set up in a typical cold city in China. The model has been verified by experiments. The simulation results demonstrate that fresh air is the most important factor affecting storage/release efficiency. The increasing rate of heat release efficiency in the range of fresh air temperature -6–18°C is about 1.58%/°C. The solar heat collector area and the size of the TSU suitable for representative cities in cold regions are optimized based on multi-condition simulation analysis. The CSSAHS can preheat fresh air for 5 h after heat storage and the release efficiency is between 52 and 74%. Compared with other systems, the energy-saving rate of the CSSAHS is 26.5–33.3% in cold winter, and the heat supply ratio of the TSU is 24.4–35.1%
Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Monolithically Integrated Microfluidic Sensors in Glass
Femtosecond lasers have revolutionized the processing of materials, since their ultrashort pulse width and extremely high peak intensity allows high-quality micro- and nanofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures. This unique capability opens up a new route for fabrication of microfluidic sensors for biochemical applications. The present paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in femtosecond laser processing of glass for a variety of microfluidic sensor applications. These include 3D integration of micro-/nanofluidic, optofluidic, electrofluidic, surface-enhanced Raman-scattering devices, in addition to fabrication of devices for microfluidic bioassays and lab-on-fiber sensors. This paper describes the unique characteristics of femtosecond laser processing and the basic concepts involved in femtosecond laser direct writing. Advanced spatiotemporal beam shaping methods are also discussed. Typical examples of microfluidic sensors fabricated using femtosecond lasers are then highlighted, and their applications in chemical and biological sensing are described. Finally, a summary of the technology is given and the outlook for further developments in this field is considered
Melatonin inhibited the progression of gastric cancer induced by Bisphenol S via regulating the estrogen receptor 1
In recent years, Bisphenol S (BPS) has increasingly been used as an alternative to Bisphenol A (BPA) in food, paper, and personal care products. It is imperative to clarify the relationship between BPS and tumors in order to treat and prevent diseases. This study discovered a new method for predicting tumor correlations between BPS interactive genes. According to analyses conducted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, interactive genes were primarily found in gastric cancer. Based on gene-targeted prediction and molecular docking, BPS appears to exert potential gastric cancer-causing effects through estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). In addition, gastric cancer patients' prognosis could be accurately predicted by a bisphenol-based prognostic prediction model. Subsequently, the proliferation and migration abilities of gastric cancer cells were further demonstrated to be significantly enhanced by BPS. Similarly, molecular docking analysis revealed that melatonin is also highly correlated with gastric cancer and BPS. In cell proliferation and migration assays, melatonin and BPS exposure inhibited the invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells compared to BPS-exposure. Our research provided a new direction for the exploration the correlation between cancer and environmental toxicity