Study on Stochastic Differential Game Model in Network Attack and Defense

In recent years, evolutionary game theory has been gradually applied to analyze and predict network attack and defense for maintaining cybersecurity. The traditional deterministic game model cannot accurately describe the process of actual network attack and defense due to changing in the set of attack-defense strategies and external factors (such as the operating environment of the system). In this paper, we construct a stochastic evolutionary game model by the stochastic differential equation with Markov property. The evolutionary equilibrium solution of the model is found and the stability of the model is proved according to the knowledge of the stochastic differential equation. And we apply the explicit Euler numerical method to analyze the evolution of the strategy selection of the players for different problem situations. The simulation results show that the stochastic evolutionary game model proposed in this paper can get a steady state and obtain the optimal defense strategy under the action of the stochastic disturbance factor. In addition, compared with other kinds of literature, we can conclude that the return on security investment of this model is better, and the strategy selection of the attackers and defenders in our model is more suitable for actual network attack and defense

Chromosomal Mapping of Ribosomal rRNA Genes in the Small Rock Oyster, Saccostrea mordax (Gould 1850)

Chromosomal location of minor (5S) and major (18-28S) ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were studied in the small rock oyster (Saccostrea mordax) using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Metaphase chromosomes were obtained from gill tissue of adult oysters. Both minor and major rDNA probes were obtained by PCR amplifications, and labeled by PCR incorporation of Biotin-11-dUTP and detected with fluorescein-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibodies. The results showed that small rock oyster had a haploid number of 10 chromosomes with a karyotype of ten metacentric chromosomes (10 M), which was similar to most species in genus Crassostrea. FISH with metaphase chromosomes detected a single locus for both 5S and 18-28S rDNA in the small rock oyster. 5S rDNA was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2. And 18-28S rDNA was located on the telomeric regions of the short arms of chromosome 3. This study is the first report of karyotype and chromosomal assignment of the minor and major rRNA genes in S. mordax

Study on Dynamic Service Migration Strategy with Energy Optimization in Mobile Edge Computing

In the mobile edge computing (MEC) platform, tasks that are being performed often change due to mobile device migration. In order to improve the energy utilization of the MEC platform and the migration process of the mobile terminal and to ensure effective and continuous operation of services, dynamic service migration strategy with energy optimization is required. Aiming at the problem of energy consumption optimization of dynamic service migration with the far-near effect in mobile networks, this article proposes a dynamic service migration strategy with energy optimization, which ensures the performance requirements of the service by considering the minimum energy cost of the relevant equipment during the dynamic migration process. First, by analyzing the relationship between migration distance and equipment transmit power, the energy consumption model associated with the migration distance is established. Then, according to the task dynamic service migration scenario, the dynamic service migration energy consumption model is constructed, so as to obtain the reward function for migrating energy consumption. Finally, the dynamic service migration strategy with energy optimization is realized through the optimal migration energy consumption expectation, which is obtained by the optimal stopping theory. The experimental results show that the optimization strategy proposed in this article can effectively reduce the energy consumption of dynamic service migration in different simulation environments and can improve the dynamic migration performance

Co-doping strategy enhanced the ionic conductivity and excellent lithium stability of garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte in all solid-state lithium batteries

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). However, the application of LLZO is limited by structural instability, low ionic conductivity, and poor lithium stability. To obtain a garnet-type solid electrolyte with a stable structure and high ionic conductivity, a series of TaCe co-doping cubic Li6·4La3Zr1.4-xTa0.6CexO12 (LLZTCO, x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30) electrolytes were successfully synthesized through conventional solid-phase method. The Ta5+ doping can introduce more lithium vacancies and effectively maintain the stability of the cubic phase. The Ce4+ with a larger ionic radius is introduced into the lattice to widen the Li+ migration bottleneck size, which significantly increased the ionic conductivity to 1.05 × 10−3 S/cm. It also shows excellent stability to lithium metal by the optimization of Li+ transport channel. Li||LLZTCO||Li symmetric cells can cycle stably for more than 6 000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 without any surface modifications. The commercialization potential of LLZTCO samples in all solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) is confirmed by the prepared LiFePO4||LLZTCO||Li cells with a capacity retention rate of 98% after 100 cycles at 0.5C. This new co-doping method presents a practical solution for the realization of high-performance ASSLBs

Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for craniofacial microsomia

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a rare congenital anomaly that involves immature derivatives from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The genetic pathogenesis of CFM is still unclear. Here we interrogate 0.9 million genetic variants in 939 CFM cases and 2,012 controls from China. After genotyping of an additional 443 cases and 1,669 controls, we identify 8 significantly associated loci with the most significant SNP rs13089920 (logistic regression P 1â„4 2.15 ô° 10 ô°€ 120) and 5 suggestive loci. The above 13 associated loci, harboured by candidates of ROBO1, GATA3, GBX2, FGF3, NRP2, EDNRB, SHROOM3, SEMA7A, PLCD3, KLF12 and EPAS1, are found to be enriched for genes involved in neural crest cell (NCC) development and vasculogenesis. We then perform whole-genome sequencing on 21 samples from the case cohort, and identify several novel loss-of-function mutations within the associated loci. Our results provide new insights into genetic background of craniofacial microsomia

Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Hemihypertrophy-related Unilateral Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy

Summary:. Hemihypertrophy is a rare congenital disorder that causes unequal growth of the extremities, trunk, face, or half of the body. We report a case of a 32-year-old woman with hemihypertrophy-related gastrocnemius hypertrophy treated with botulinum toxin A injection. The patient has received two botulinum toxin A injections, and we measured the thickness of the gastrocnemius muscle using ultrasound and measured the maximum circumference around the calf with the patient in the prone position. The patient’s maximum calf circumference was reduced by 1 cm. The thickness of the medial head of the gastrocnemius was reduced by 0.3 cm, and the thickness of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius was reduced by 0.6 cm. Botulinum toxin A injection therapy was effective in treating hemihypertrophy-related gastrocnemius hypertrophy

Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese Gizzard Shad Clupanodon thrissa in South China based on morphological and molecular markers

Chinese Gizzard Shad Clupanodon thrissa is an important migratory fisheries species in estuaries, mainly distributed in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the genetic diversity and resource status of C. thrissa, a total of 398 specimens of C. thrissa were collected from 12 geographical populations in South China. Based on morphometry, mitochondrial genes Cyt b and D-loop and nuclear gene RAG1, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of C. thrissa were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the morphology of different populations of C. thrissa. Cluster analysis showed that BH, HP and QZ populations in Guangxi basin were more closely related to MM and CZ populations in Guangdong, while ND population in Fujian basin was more closely related to the six populations in the Pearl River Basin. Except for the MM population, all populations had high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The haplotype network and phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial genes revealed that QZ, BH and HP populations showed obvious lineage branches. AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic variation among groups and within populations of C. thrissa was the main source of total variation. Pairwise FST values showed significant or highly significant genetic differentiation between ND, CZ, MM, BH, HP, QZ populations and other populations, respectively. However, the haplotype network and phylogenetic tree of nuclear genes did not show lineage branches corresponding to geographical location, and the genetic variation within populations was the main source of total variation in the AMOVA analysis. The inconsistent results of mitochondrial and nuclear gene may be related to their different evolutionary rates. This study provides important reference for the resource management and conservation of C. thrissa in South China

Recent development in integrated Lithium niobate photonics

ABSTRACTThe lithium niobate on insulator devices confine the light field to submicron size in monocrystalline lithium niobate, to achieve ultra-strong electro-optical interaction and nonlinear optical interaction, and thus extend the frontiers of the photonic research in the past decade. Such devices are manufactured using nano-fabrication technology over the thin-film lithium niobate wafer, which usually stands on a silica insulator layer above the substrate material, including low-loss waveguides, electro-optical modulators, domain engineered structures, high-Q microring resonators and electrical filters etc., and lead to breakthroughs in optical communication, microwave photonics and quantum integration

Genome-Wide Linkage Study Suggests a Susceptibility Locus for Isolated Bilateral Microtia on 4p15.32–4p16.2

<div><p>Microtia is a congenital deformity where the external ear is underdeveloped. Genetic investigations have identified many susceptibility genes of microtia-related syndromes. However, no causal genes were reported for isolated microtia, the main form of microtia. We conducted a genome-wide linkage analysis on a 5-generation Chinese pedigree with isolated bilateral microtia. We identified a suggestive linkage locus on 4p15.32–4p16.2 with parametric LOD score of 2.70 and nonparametric linkage score (Zmean) of 12.28 (simulated occurrence per genome scan equal to 0.46 and 0.47, respectively). Haplotype reconstruction analysis of the 4p15.32–4p16.2 region further confined the linkage signal to a 10-Mb segment located between rs12505562 and rs12649803 (9.65–30.24 cM; 5.54–15.58 Mb). Various human organ developmental genes reside in this 10-Mb susceptibility region, such as <i>EVC</i>, <i>EVC2</i>, <i>SLC2A9</i>, <i>NKX3-2</i>, and <i>HMX1</i>. The coding regions of three genes, <i>EVC</i> known for cartilage development and <i>NKX3-2</i>, <i>HMX1</i> involved in microtia, were selected for sequencing with 5 individuals from the pedigree. Of the 38 identified sequence variants, none segregates along with the disease phenotype. Other genes or DNA sequences of the 10-Mb region warrant for further investigation. In conclusion, we report a susceptibility locus of isolated microtia, and this finding will encourage future studies on the genetic basis of ear deformity.</p></div