Additional file 4: Table S3. of Comparative transcriptome analysis of second- and third-generation merozoites of Eimeria necatrix

Information on MZ-2-specific mRNA transcripts. (XLSX 18 kb

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Comparative transcriptome analysis of second- and third-generation merozoites of Eimeria necatrix

Information on DEGs in the pair-wise comparison of MZ-2 and MZ-3. (XLSX 209 kb

Additional file 5: Table S4. of Comparative transcriptome analysis of second- and third-generation merozoites of Eimeria necatrix

Information on MZ-3-specific mRNA transcripts. (XLSX 15 kb

Additional file 2: Table S1. of Comparative transcriptome analysis of second- and third-generation merozoites of Eimeria necatrix

Primers used in qRT-PCR. (XLSX 11 kb

IL-27 signaling plays a crucial role in dampening Th1 mediated immune responses, allowing prolonged survival of mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>brucei</i>.

<p>(A) mRNA expression levels of IL-27p28, EBI3 and WSX-1 in the liver of wild-type mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>brucei</i> on day 6 and 9 versus day 0 (uninfected). (B) Parasitemia and survival of IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-) and wild-type mice (n = 6–7) infected with <i>T</i>. <i>brucei</i>. (C) Production of IFN-γ detected on day 6 in the plasma and supernatant fluids of cultured spleen cells and serum activities of ALT examined on day 6 and 9 in IL-27R^-/- and wild-type mice after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>brucei</i>. (D) Survival of IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 5–6) infected with <i>T</i>. <i>brucei</i>, following administration of 0.5 mg rat anti-mouse CD4 mAb, rat anti-mouse CD8 mAb, or rat IgG on day 0, 2, 4, and 6 after infection, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 2–3 separate experiments.</p

Enhanced expression of IL-27 and its crucial role in survival of mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>.

<p>(A) mRNA expression levels of IL-27p28, EBI3 and WSX-1 in the liver of wild-type mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> on day 7 and 10 versus day 0 (uninfected). (B) Parasitemia of IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-) and wild-type mice (n = 6–9) infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. (C) Survival of IL-27R^-/- and wild-type mice (n = 6–9) infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 3 separate experiments.</p

Neutralization of IFN-γ significantly reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and the serum activities of ALT, and prevents the early mortality of IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-) mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>.

<p>IL-27R^-/- mice were infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>, and treated with 0.4 mg rat anti-mouse IFN-γ mAb or rat IgG on day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 after infection, respectively. (A) Parasitemia and survival of infected IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 5). (B) Serum ALT activities were assessed in IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 4) on day 7 after infection. (C) Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α of IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 4) on day 7 after infection. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 2 separate experiments.</p

IL-27 signaling suppresses systemic inflammatory responses in mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>.

<p>(A) Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α in IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-) and wild-type mice (n = 4) on day 7 and 10 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. (B) Secretions of IFN-γ, IL-12p40 and TNF-α in the supernatant fluids of cultured spleen cells purified from IL-27R^-/- and wild-type mice (n = 4) on day 7 and 10 following infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. (C) The frequency (left and upper right) and the absolute number (lower right) of splenic IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells derived from IL-27R^-/- and wild-type mice (n = 3) on day 0, 7 and 10 after infection following 12 h <i>in vitro</i> restimulation with Cell Stimulation Cocktail (containing PMA, ionomycin, and protein transport inhibitors). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 2–3 separate experiments.</p

Depletion of CD4⁺, but not CD8⁺, T cells significantly reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and the serum activities of ALT, and enhances the survival of IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-) mice infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>.

<p>IL-27R^-/- mice were infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>, and treated with 0.5 mg rat anti-mouse CD4 mAb, rat anti-mouse CD8 mAb, or rat IgG on day 0, 2, 4, and 6 after infection, respectively. (A) Parasitemia and survival of the IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 4–5) infected with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. (B) Serum ALT activities were assessed in IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 4) on day 7 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. (C) Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α of IL-27R^-/- mice (n = 4) on day 7 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 2 separate experiments.</p

IL-27 signaling is required to prevent liver immunopathology during infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>.

<p>(A) Macroscopic examination of liver on day 10 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> revealed the presence of extensive pale geographic areas in IL-27R^-/- (WSX-1^-/-), but not wild-type mice (n = 4). (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining showing loss of hepatocyte cellular architecture in the liver of IL-27R^-/-, but not wild-type mice (n = 4) on day 10 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> (original magnification ×40). (C) Serum ALT activities were assessed in IL-27R^-/- and wild-type mice (n = 4) on day 7 and 10 after infection with <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i>. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The results presented are representative of 2 separate experiments.</p