The dynamic evolution of multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed with BepiColombo, Tianwen-1, and MAVEN

We present two multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) detected by the Tianwen-1 and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft at Mars and the BepiColombo (0.56 au ∼0.67 au) upstream of Mars from 2021 December 5 to 31. This is the first time that BepiColombo is used as an upstream solar wind monitor ahead of Mars and that Tianwen-1 is used to investigate the magnetic field characteristics of ICMEs at Mars. The Heliospheric Upwind Extrapolation time model was used to connect the multiple in situ observations and the coronagraph observations from STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO. The first fast coronal mass ejection event (∼761.2 km s−1), which erupted on December 4, impacted Mars centrally and grazed BepiColombo by its western flank. The ambient slow solar wind decelerated the west flank of the ICME, implying that the ICME event was significantly distorted by the solar wind structure. The second slow ICME event (∼390.7 km s−1) underwent an acceleration from its eruption to a distance within 0.69 au and then traveled with the constant velocity of the ambient solar wind. These findings highlight the importance of background solar wind in determining the interplanetary evolution and global morphology of ICMEs up to Mars distance. Observations from multiple locations are invaluable for space weather studies at Mars and merit more exploration in the future

A Heuristic Evolutionary Algorithm of UAV Path Planning

With the rapid development of the network and the informatization of society, how to improve the accuracy of information is an urgent problem to be solved. The existing method is to use an intelligent robot to carry sensors to collect data and transmit the data to the server in real time. Many intelligent robots have emerged in life; the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) is one of them. With the popularization of UAV applications, the security of UAV has also been exposed. In addition to some human factors, there is a major factor in the UAV’s endurance. UAVs will face a problem of short battery life when performing flying missions. In order to solve this problem, the existing method is to plan the path of UAV flight. In order to find the optimal path for a UAV flight, we propose three cost functions: path security cost, length cost, and smoothness cost. The path security cost is used to determine whether the path is feasible; the length cost and smoothness cost of the path directly affect the cost of the energy consumption of the UAV flight. We proposed a heuristic evolutionary algorithm that designed several evolutionary operations: substitution operations, crossover operations, mutation operations, length operations, and smoothness operations. Through these operations to enhance our build path effect. Under the analysis of experimental results, we proved that our solution is feasible

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Stream Interaction Regions Observed by Tianwen-1 and MAVEN at Mars

The Tianwen-1 spacecraft is China's first Mars exploration mission. The Mars Orbiter Magnetometer (MOMAG) is a scientific instrument on board the Tianwen-1 mission that is designed to study magnetic fields at Mars, including the solar wind to the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. Using the first Tianwen-1/MOMAG data that is publicly available, we present an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) and stream interaction region (SIR) list based on in situ observations at Mars between 2021 November 16 and 2021 December 31. We compared the magnetic field intensity and vector magnetic field measurements from Tianwen-1/MOMAG and Mars Atmospheric Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)/Magnetometer (MAG) during the ICME and SIR interval and found a generally good consistency between them. Due to MAVEN's orbital adjustment since 2019, the Tianwen-1/MOMAG instrument is almost unique in its status as an interplanetary magnetic field monitor currently at Mars. The observations indicate that the MOMAG instrument on Tianwen-1 is performing well and can provide accurate measurements of the vector magnetic field in the near-Mars solar wind space. The multipoint observations combining MOMAG, MINPA, and MEPA on board Tianwen-1 with MAG, SWIA, and STATIC on board MAVEN will help develop systematic studies of the characteristics of ICMEs and SIRs at Mars, and their influences on the Martian atmosphere and ionosphere