A Memetic Analysis of Advertising Language

With the progress of the times and the prosperity of society, advertising waves seem to spread to every part of our social life. Wherever you go, you have been surrounded by advertising. Nowadays, in this information society, advertising have evolved into a medium of transmission, and they exert a large and indispensable influence on the people’s life. The ultimate purpose of advertising is to initially create an impressive image in the consumers and then to persuade them to make a purchase of the goods advertised. From the above consideration, it is of great value to give a detailed analysis of the advertising. Any advertising relies on the transmission of language and therefore its analysis focuses on the advertising language. Lots of linguists have conducted numerous research on the advertising language, its structure and also the relationships between advertising and culture. This paper tried to deal with the issue from the angle of Memetics with the intention that it could offer a novel perspective to study advertising language

Metaphor, Metonymy and the Extension of the Meanings of Polysemous Words

As an important and pervasive semantic phenomenon across languages, polysemy has attracted much attention of linguists. In the structuralist approach, the research of the relationship of different senses of a polysemous word is confined to the internal structure of language without considering its underlying cognitive mechanism. Thus it fails to reveal the essence of the phenomenon, and cannot give a satisfactory explanation. Cognitive linguistics provides a more convincing and systematic analysis of polysemy. This paper studied meaning extension by means of cognitive linguistic theories and presented the patterns of lexical meaning evolution. It is found that in the process of category enlargement, new members are derived or split from already existing members mainly through metonymy and metaphor, which are two powerful cognitive tools for extension of word meanings. Cognition is a driving force of polysemy, which is the result of the collaboration of metaphor and metonymy. That is, the derivative meanings of a polysemous word are extended from the source meaning through metonymy and metaphor within a category.

Exploring Students’ Intercultural Communicative Competence Cultivation in Junior High School English Teaching

The study intended to investigate the current situation of junior high school students’ intercultural communicative competence and explore some factors impacting the cultivation of students’ intercultural communicative competence in English teaching. The study analyzed three factors impacting students’ intercultural communicative competence: language barriers, devoid of intercultural communicative knowledge and ethnocentrism. Accordingly the study proposed some strategies to enhance the cultivation of students’ intercultural communicative competence: firstly, teachers should design more intercultural background knowledge in English teaching. Secondly, students should actively participate in intercultural communicative communication and continuously enhance their intercultural communicative awareness; thirdly, schools should provide intercultural training for teachers to improve their intercultural communication literacy

Three Moving Groups Detected in the LAMOST DR1 Archive

We analyze the kinematics of thick disk and halo stars observed by the Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We have constructed a sample of 7,993 F, G and K nearby main-sequence stars (\textit{d} $<$ 2 kpc) with estimates of position (x, y, z) and space velocity ($U$, $V$, $W$) based on color and proper motion from the SDSS DR9 catalog. Three `phase-space overdensities' are identified in [\textit{V}, $\sqrt{U^{2}+2V^{2}}$] with significance levels of $\sigma$ $>$ 3. %[L$_{Z}$, eccentricity], [L$_{Z}$, L$_{\bot}$], and [V$_{az}$, V$_{\triangle}E$]. Two of them (Hyades-Pleiades stream, Arcturus-AF06 stream) have been identified previously. We also find evidence for a new stream (centered at \textit{V} $\sim$ -180 km s$^{-1}$) in the halo. The formation mechanisms of these three streams are analyzed. Our results support the hypothesis the Arcturus-AF06 stream and the new stream originated from the debris of a disrupted satellite, while Hyades-Pleiades stream has a dynamical origin.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Stellar Stream Candidates in the Solar Neighborhood Found in the LAMOST DR3 and TGAS

We have cross-matched the LAMOST DR3 with the Gaia DR1 TGAS catalogs and obtained a sample of 166,827 stars with reliable kinematics. A technique based on the wavelet transform was applied to detect significant overdensities in velocity space among five subsamples divided by spatial position. In total, 16 significant overdensities of stars with very similar kinematics were identified. Among these, four are new stream candidates and the rest are previously known groups. Both the U-V velocity and metallicity distributions of the local sample show a clear gap between the Hercules structure and the Hyades-Pleiades structure. The U-V positions of these peaks shift with the spatial position. Following a description of our analysis, we speculate on possible origins of our stream candidates.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

A Review of Teacher Transformational Leadership in Higher Education: The Fourth Wave of Teacher Leadership

Transformational leadership offers world-wide scholars a new paradigm to leadership research, and it occupies a central place in leadership research and is rendered as a crucial indicator of promoting students’ academic outcomes. This literature review sought to provide a general picture of transformational leadership as well as its application in higher education context, through which its readers can have a better understanding of what has been done about the topic and what remains to be done in the future. It can seen that the examination of the existing literature further confirmed the validity and effectiveness of teacher transformational leadership in higher educational settings

The Relationship Between Teacher Transformational Leadership and Students’ Motivation to Learn in Higher Education

This quantitative study sought to examine whether there existed relationships between teacher transformational leadership and students’ motivation to learn. In aggregate, 171 undergraduates recruited from a public Chinese university participated in the study through a random sampling. The participants were administered two instruments: the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 5X-short to measure students’ perceptions of the teacher transformational leadership in the educational context and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaires (MSLQ) to measure students’ motivation to learn. The data collected were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and multiple regressions using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results from the multiple regression analyses further verified the findings in the previous literature that teacher transformational leadership could contribute to the students’ increased motivation to learn. It is recommended in the study that professional development be the best practice to facilitate the problems and all the college teachers should attend the professional development about transformational leadership behaviors, and implement the newly-acquired knowledge and skills to elevate students’ motivation to learn