Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION FOR CONTINUOUS CHANGE RAIL LINE BASED ON IMPROVED ALGORITHMS CHAOS

Summed up six typical working conditions of the rail track replacement device. Its working load is calculated by three kinds of method. And the theoretical model of telescopic rail track replacement car for work equipment is established.Accelerating factor and inertia weight Improved PSO,and adding the chaos algorithm optimize five main parameters of hexagonal cross-section telescopic boom. The optimization results show,telescopic quality has reduced by 29. 6%; overall centroid position has down; counterweight with telescopic functionis smaller; the balance of front and rear axle bogie track replacement has achieved; In other railcars improved machine stability

Stellar Chromospheric Activity and Age Relation from Open Clusters in the LAMOST Survey

We identify member stars of more than 90 open clusters in the LAMOST survey. With the method of Fang et al.(2018), the chromospheric activity (CA) indices logR'CaK for 1091 member stars in 82 open clusters and logR'H{\alpha} for 1118 member stars in 83 open clusters are calculated. The relations between the average logR'CaK, logR'H{\alpha} in each open cluster and its age are investigated in different Teff and [Fe/H] ranges. We find that CA starts to decrease slowly from logt = 6.70 to logt = 8.50, and then decreases rapidly until logt = 9.53. The trend becomes clearer for cooler stars. The quadratic functions between logR' and logt with 4000K < Teff < 5500K are constructed, which can be used to roughly estimate ages of field stars with accuracy about 40% for logR'CaK and 60% for logR'H{\alpha}

High-Quality Conjugated Polymers Achieving Ultra-Trace Detection of Cr2O72&minus; in Agricultural Products

In view of that conjugated polymers (CPs) are an attractive option for constructing high-sensitive Cr2O72&minus; sensors but suffer from lacking a general design strategy, we first proposed a rational structure design of CPs to tailor their sensing properties while validating the structure-to-performance correlation. Short side chains decorated with N and O atoms as recognition groups were instructed into fluorene to obtain monomers Fmoc-Ala-OH and Fmoc-Thr-OH. Additionally, their polymers P(Fmoc-Ala-OH) and P(Fmoc-Thr-OH) were obtained through electrochemical polymerization. P(Fmoc-Ala-OH) and P(Fmoc-Thr-OH) with high polymerization degrees have an excellent selectivity towards Cr2O72&minus; in comparison to other cations and anions. Additionally, their limit of detection could achieve 1.98 fM and 3.72 fM, respectively. Especially, they could realize the trace detection of Cr2O72&minus; in agricultural products (red bean, black bean, and millet). All these results indicate that short side chains decorated with N and O atoms functionalizing polyfluorene enables the ultra-trace detection of Cr2O72&minus;. Additionally, the design strategy will spark new ideas for the construction of highly selective and sensitive Cr2O72&minus; sensors