Fabrication Of Smooth Diamond Films On Sio2 By The Addition Of Nitrogen To The Gas Feed In Hot-filament Chemical Vapor Deposition

The morphology of small roughness diamond films deposited onto thermally oxidized silicon substrates by a process of anisotropic crystalline growth induced by nitrogen in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor was investigated. Square plates of low roughness were obtained on the top surface of the diamond films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated films made up of good quality. The films possessed a large number of defects due to substitutional nitrogen. Planar defects were created due to large amount of nitrogen introduced in the CVD process. Substitutional nitrogen provoked lateral vacancies that have a catalytic effect on the lateral rate of diamond growth.19410521056Angus, J.C., Hayman, C.C., (1988) Science, 241, p. 913Yarborough, W.A., Messier, R., (1990) Science, 241, p. 688Derjaguin, B.V., Fedoseev, D., (1977) Izd., , Nauka, Moscow, Chap. 4Tankala, K., DebRoy, T., (1992) J. Appl. Phys., 72, p. 712Okano, K., Koizumi, S., Silva, S.R.P., Amaratunga, G.A.J., (1996) Nature (London), 381, p. 140Liao, X.Z., Zhang, R.J., Lee, C.S., Tong Lee, S., Lam, Y.W., (1997) Diamond Relat. Mater., 6, p. 521Dos Santos Filho, S.G., Hasenack, C.M., Lopes, M.C.V., Baranauskas, V., (1995) Semicond. Sci. Technol., 10, p. 990Jin, S., Moustakas, T.D., (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., 65, p. 403Locher, R., Wild, C., Herres, N., Behr, D., Koidl, P., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 65, p. 759Walker, J.E., (1979) Rep. Prog. Phys., 42, p. 42Evans, T., Rainey, P., (1975) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 344, p. 111Baranauskas, V., Li, B.B., Peterlevitz, A., Tosin, M.C., Durrant, S.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 7455Baranauskas, V., Peled, A., Trava-Airoldi, V.J., Lima, C.A.S., Doi, I., Corat, E.J., (1994) Appl. Surf. Sci., 79-80, p. 129Barros, R.C.M., Corat, E.J., Ferreira, N.G., Souza, T.M., Trava-Airoldi, V.J., Leite, N.F., Iha, K., (1996) Diamond Relat. Mater., 5, p. 1323Lang, A.R., (1964) Proc. Phys. Soc., 84, p. 871Sumida, N., Lang, A.R., (1988) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 419, p. 235Bridon, P.R., Jones, R., (1993) Physica B, 185, p. 17

Characterization Of The Crotalus Durissus Terrificus Venom By Atomic Force Microscopy

A preliminary analysis of the morphology of crude CDT venom was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result, a direct measurement of the forces between the surface of the venom crystals and a sharp probe tip was achieved.20413171321Azevedo Marques, M.M., Cupo, P., Coimbra, T.M., Hering, S.E., Rossi, M.A., Laure, C.J., (1985) Toxicon, 23, p. 631Sanchez, E.E., Soliz, L.A., Susana Ramirez, M., Perez, J.C., (2001) Toxicon, 39, p. 523Soares, A.M., Mancin, A.C., Cecchini, A.L., Arantes, E.C., Franca, S.C., Gutierrez, J.M., Giglio, J.R., (2001) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, p. 877Choumet, V., Lafaye, P., Demangel, C., Bon, C., Mazie, J.C., (1999) Biol. Chem., 380, p. 561Sanchez, S.A., Chen, Y., Muller, J.D., Gratton, E., Hazlett, T.L., (2001) Biochemistry, 40, p. 6903Sharma, S., Jabeen, T., Singh, J.K., Bredhorst, R., Vogel, C.W., Betzel, C., Singh, T.P., (2001) Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr., 57, p. 596Nonato, M.C., Garrat, R.C., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Jesus, W.D.P., Assakura, M.T., Serrano, S.M.T., Oliva, G., (2001) Biol. Crystallogr., D, 57, p. 599Arni, R.K., Ward, R.J., (1996) Toxicon, 34, p. 827Souza, D.H.F., Selistre-deAraujo, H.S., Garratt, R.C., (2000) Toxicon, 38, p. 1307Binning, G., Coate, C.F., Gerber, G., (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, p. 930Baranauskas, V., Vidal, B.C., Parizotto, N.A., (1998) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 69, p. 91Baranauskas, V., Garavello-Freitas, I., Jingguo, Z., Cruz-Hofling, M.A., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 19, p. 104

Experimental Studies Of Rat Injured Tibiae After Hene Radiation

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to quantify bone morphology during post injury ossification in rat tibiae and characterize the differences induced by laser photostimulation compared with the naturally-occurring process. SEM and AFM images of the cortical bone at the recovery stages of 8 and 15 days after the injury are discussed.5287102107Lai, J.S.M., Tham, C.C.Y., Lam, D.S.C., (1999) Eye, 13, p. 26Bauerberg, J.M., (1999) J. Refract. Surg., 15, p. 66McCarthy, D.C., (1998) Photonics Spectra, 32, p. 90Baranauskas, V., Garavello-Freitas, I., Jingguo, Z., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 19, p. 1042Garavello, I., Baranauskas, V., Joazeiro, P.P., Padovani, C.R., Dal Pai-Silva, M., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., J. Photochem. Photobiol. B., , (submitted)Garavello, I., Baranauskas, V., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Histol. Histopathol., , (submitted)Barushka, O., Yaakobi, T., Oron, U., (1995) Bone, 16, p. 47Yaakobi, T., Maltz, L., Oron, U., (1996) Calcif. Tissue Int., 59, p. 29

Observation Of The Bone Matrix Structure Of Intact And Regenerative Zones Of Tibias By Atomic Force Microscopy

The structure of bone matrix of rat tibia from an intact and regenerative zones of tibias was studied using atomic force spectroscopy. The young male adult rats (wistar) were used for the study with corporal masses between 250 and 300 g. A 1.5-mm-diam hole was drilled in one cortical tibia surface to provoke the injury and the healing course was monitored. Atomic force spectroscopic images were used at different magnifications to identify the time dependence of the osteoblast activity, measured by the increase in the area of neoformed primary bone and in the organization of the collagen fibers.19410421045Manolagas, S.C., (1998) Aging-Clinical Exp. Res., 10, p. 182Rodan, G.A., Martin, T.J., (2000) Science, 289, p. 1508Silver, I.A., Murrills, R.J., Etherington, D.J., (1998) Exp. Cell Res., 175, p. 266Rodan, G.A., (1997) Bone (N.Y.), 20, p. 1Sandmaier, B.M., Sorb, R., Kniley, J., Hardy, W., Black, M., Moseley, A., Deans, R., (1998) Blood, 92, p. 473Michaelsson, K., Baron, J.A., Farahmand, B.Y., Johenll, O., Magnusson, C., Persson, P.G., Persson, I., Ljunghall, S., (1998) Br. Med. J., 316, p. 1858Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., Patil, P., Goldstein, S., (1999) Nature Med., 5, p. 753Freitas, I.G.F., Baranauskas, V., Cruz-Höfling, M.A., (2000) Appl. Surf. Sci., 154-155, p. 548Binnig, G., Quate, C.F., Gerber, Ch., (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, p. 930Yang, J., Shao, Z., (1995) Micron, 26, p. 35Wickramasinghe, H.R., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 347Baranauskas, V., Vidal, B.C., Parizotto, N.A., (1998) Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 69, p. 91Ducy, P., Schinke, T., Karsenty, G., (2000) Science, 289, p. 1501Teitelbaum, S.L., (2000) Science, 289, p. 150